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A total of 120 NCCLs were restored, half with VisCalor Bulk, Voco (PH), preheated to 68\u00b0C using a bench heater, and half with Admira Fusion, Voco (NH), used at room temperature. A universal adhesive was applied with a selective enamel etching approach before placement of the composite resin. Restorations were evaluated for 36\u2009months according to the FDI World Dental Federation criteria. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan\u2013Meier and equivalence tests, with Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by Cox models. Secondary FDI outcomes were analyzed using the chi\u2010square test or Fisher's exact test (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 36\u2009months, the recall rate was 90%. Ten restorations failed, with five losses in the PH group and five in the NH group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95). The material fracture and retention rates, with 95% CIs, were equivalent at 90.7% (83.3\u201398.8) for both the PH and NH groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cox regression analysis showed no significant difference in failure risk between PH and NH (HR\u2009=\u20090.96; 95% CI: 0.28\u20133.33). No significant difference was observed in the other secondary outcomes, and all remained clinically acceptable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preheating makes no difference, since both composite resins showed high and equivalent survival rates above 90% after 36\u2009months of clinical service.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preheating did not provide additional benefits regarding fracture, retention, or other clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:21:43Z","timestamp":1792131703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Preheating Matter? A 36\u2010Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Non\u2010Carious Cervical Lesion Restorations Performed With Preheated and Non\u2010Preheated Composite Resins"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0800-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Willian","family":"Favoreto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8092-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Condolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry State University of Ponta Grossa  Ponta Grossa Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2974-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thalita","family":"de Paris Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry State University of Ponta Grossa  Ponta Grossa Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9880-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro D.","family":"Loguercio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry State University of Ponta Grossa  Ponta Grossa Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1807\u20103107BOR\u20102017.vol31.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.08.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708\u20108240.1999.tb00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.08.596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13172975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010009\u20100258\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0109\u20105641(02)00058\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708\u20108240.2006.00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102842.2009.02045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010020\u201003637\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.08.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2020\u2010071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13203599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/19\u2010241\u2010l"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084416682934"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/20\u2010301\u2010c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_492_21"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Thermo\u2010Viscous and Sonic Fill\u2010Activated Bulk Fill Composite Restorations","volume":"36","author":"Morsy K. 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