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In addition, they can cause amoebic keratitis in contact lens wearers. <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> GAE is almost always fatal because of difficulty and delay in diagnosis and lack of optimal antimicrobial therapy. Here, we report the description of an unusual strain isolated from skin and brain of a GAE patient. The amoebae displayed large trophozoites and star\u2010shaped cysts, characteristics for acanthamoebas belonging to morphology Group 1. However, its unique morphology and growth characteristics differentiated this new strain from other Group 1 species. DNA sequence analysis, secondary structure prediction, and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> gene confirmed that this new strain belonged to Group 1, but that it was distinct from the other sequence types within that group. Thus, we hereby propose the establishment of a new species, <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba byersi<\/jats:italic> n. sp. as well as a new sequence type, T18, for this new strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Group 1 <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> that is indisputably pathogenic in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1373035752000},"page":"626-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Characterization of a New Pathogenic <i>Acanthamoeba<\/i> Species, <i>A. byersi<\/i> n. sp., Isolated from a Human with Fatal Amoebic Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Qvarnstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Center for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta 30329 Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Nerad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University Prince William Campus Manassas 20110 Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govinda S.","family":"Visvesvara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch Division of Foodborne, Waterborne &amp; Environmental Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2006.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1689-1693.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/49.1.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1870-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4303\/jnp\/N120801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"PHYLIP: phylogenetic inference package (version 3.2)","volume":"5","author":"Felsenstein J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Identification of a new Acanthamoeba 18S rRNA gene sequence type, corresponding to the species Acanthamoeba jacobsi Sawyer, Nerad and Visvesvara, 1992 (Lobosea: Acanthamoebidae)","volume":"42","author":"Hewett M. 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