{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:57:40Z","timestamp":1791262660392,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]],"date-time":"2014-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Department of Veteran's Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BX000983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX000983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>IL\u201018 is known to play a key role limiting <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic> infection. In this study, we show that IL\u201018 depletion in SCID mice significantly exacerbates <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> infection, whereas, treatment with recombinant IL\u201018 (r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018), significantly decreases the parasite load, as compared to controls. Increases in serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels as well as the up\u2010regulation of the antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and beta defensin 3 (<jats:italic>Defb3<\/jats:italic>) were observed in the intestinal mucosa of mice treated with r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018. In addition, <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> infection significantly increased m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression levels (&gt;\u00a050 fold) of the alpha defensins, <jats:italic>Defa3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>5,<\/jats:italic> respectively. Interestingly, we also found a decrease in m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of <jats:italic>IL\u201033<\/jats:italic> (a recently identified cytokine in the same family as IL\u201018) in the small intestinal tissue from mice treated with r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018. In comparison, the respective genes were induced by IL\u201018 depletion. Our findings suggest that IL\u201018 can mediate its protective effects via different routes such as IFN\u2010\u03b3 induction or by directly stimulating intestinal epithelial cells to increase antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T15:51:04Z","timestamp":1408809064000},"page":"44-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<scp>IL<\/scp>\u201018 Cytokine Levels Modulate Innate Immune Responses and Cryptosporidiosis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Brahmchetna","family":"Bedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina N.","family":"McNair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irmgard","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Environment Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan R.","family":"Mead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3542-3547.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00377-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00076-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.8.3548-3551.1993","article-title":"Gamma interferon functions in resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice","volume":"61","author":"Chen W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.3.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5021","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5021-5026.1999","article-title":"Limited interleukin\u201018 response in Salmonella\u2010infected murine macrophages and in Salmonella\u2010infected mice","volume":"67","author":"Elhofy A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901642"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00754-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(01)00505-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.478-483.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.854"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35106587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/608187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0810470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00112-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.2772-2779.2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjeu.12164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjeu.12164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jeu.12164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T14:50:10Z","timestamp":1696258210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jeu.12164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jeu.12164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jeu.12164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-5234","1550-7408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-5234","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-7408","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}