{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:38:00Z","timestamp":1789879080253,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chagas disease, a chronic systemic parasitosis caused by the Kinetoplastid protozoon <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>, is the first cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality in poor rural and suburban areas of Latin America and the largest parasitic disease burden in the continent, now spreading worldwide due to international migrations. A recent change in the scientific paradigm on the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease has led to a consensus that all <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\u2010seropositive patients should receive etiological treatment. This important scientific advance has spurred the rigorous evaluation of the safety and efficacy of currently available drugs (benznidazole and nifurtimox) as well as novel anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> drug candidates in chronic patients, who were previously excluded from such treatment. The first results indicate that benznidazole is effective in inducing a marked and sustained reduction in the circulating parasites\u2019 level in the majority of these patients, but adverse effects can lead to treatment discontinuation in 10\u201320% of cases. Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, such as posaconazole and ravuconazole, are better tolerated but their efficacy at the doses and treatment duration used in the initial studies was significantly lower; such results are probably related to suboptimal exposure and\/or treatment duration. Combination therapies are a promising perspective but the lack of validated biomarkers of response to etiological treatment and eventual parasitological cures in chronic patients remains a serious challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,5]],"date-time":"2014-10-05T12:05:31Z","timestamp":1412510731000},"page":"149-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Recent Clinical Trials for the Etiological Treatment of\u00a0Chronic Chagas Disease: Advances, Challenges and\u00a0Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Julio A.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research Caracas Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02936.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.594"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.726","article-title":"Myocardial parasite persistence in chronic chagasic patients","volume":"60","author":"A\u00f1ez N.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307312101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000237653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000600014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2011.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0679-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Chemotherapy of Chagas\u2019 infection in man","volume":"347","author":"Cerisola J. A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"PAHO Sci. Publ."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761911000200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000600001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03050-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00779-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90020-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90501-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00423-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(96)10058-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.8.2086-2090.1995","article-title":"Use of a 24\u2010kilodalton Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant protein to monitor cure of human Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"33","author":"Krautz G. M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00222-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/E495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00274-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05785-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morillo C. A.2012.Actualizaci\u00f3n Estudio Cl\u00ednico BENEFIT (The BENznidazole Evaluation For Interrupting Trypanosomiasis). Abstracts VIII Taller sobre la enfermedad de Chagas importada Barcelona Spain p.34\u201339.","DOI":"10.1186\/ISRCTN13967269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.3.727-731.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.899150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.159624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960231205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1407914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","unstructured":"Riarte A.TRAENA: Placebo\u2010controlled evaluation of impact of benznidazole treatment on long\u2010term disease progression in adults with chronic Chagas disease. 62nd Annual Meeting of the American 460 Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene November 13\u201317 2013 Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","unstructured":"Torrico F.2013.E1224 \u2013 results of proof of concept clinical trial in patients with chronic indeterminate Chagas disease. 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene November 13\u201317 2013 Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.658-666.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.2010.035.05.1484391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01662-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.4.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001314"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjeu.12184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjeu.12184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jeu.12184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T14:50:42Z","timestamp":1696258242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jeu.12184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jeu.12184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jeu.12184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-5234","1550-7408"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-5234","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-7408","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}