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Then, natural and aerial transmission of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic> occurred during cohousing of the rats undergoing gradual ID levels (receivers) with nude rats developing pneumocystosis (seeders). Following contact between receiver and seeder rats, the <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic> burden of receiver rats was determined by toluidine blue ortho staining and by qPCR targeting the <jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic> monocopy gene of this fungus. In this rat model, the level of circulating CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes remained significantly stable and different for each dose of dexamethasone tested, thus reaching the goal of a new stable and gradual ID rat model. In addition, an inverse relationship between the <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic> burden and the level of circulating CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> or CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes was evidenced. This rat model may be used to study other opportunistic pathogens or even co\u2010infections in a context of gradual ID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T14:41:00Z","timestamp":1446043260000},"page":"309-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Relationship Between <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i> Burden and the Degree of Host Immunosuppression in an Airborne Transmission Experimental Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Khalife","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDPEE) Univ. 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Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Chassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Unit Pasteur Institute of Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Pierrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Signaling and the Control of Parasite Growth and Differentiation Univ. Lille CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille U1019 \u2010 UMR 8204 \u2010 CIIL \u2010 Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Khalife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Signaling and the Control of Parasite Growth and Differentiation Univ. Lille CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille U1019 \u2010 UMR 8204 \u2010 CIIL \u2010 Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile\u2010Marie","family":"Aliouat\u2010Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDPEE) Univ. Lille CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille U1019 \u2010 UMR 8204 \u2010 CIIL \u2010 Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille Univ. Lille F\u201059000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Moukhtar","family":"Aliouat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDPEE) Univ. 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