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This is the first report of the<jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>lineage (genera<jats:italic>Fukuyoa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>) from the western Mediterranean Sea, which is cooler than its eastern basin. Molecular analyses revealed that the Mediterranean strain belongs to<jats:italic>F. paulensis<\/jats:italic>and that it bears LSU rDNA sequences identical to New Zealand, Australian, and Brazilian strains. It also shared an identical sequence of the more variable ITS\u2010rDNA with the Brazilian strain. Toxin analyses showed the presence of maitotoxin, 54\u2010deoxyCTX1B, and gambieric acid A. This is the first observation of the two latter compounds in a<jats:italic>Fukuyoa<\/jats:italic>strain. Therefore, both<jats:italic>Gambierdiscus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Fukuyoa<\/jats:italic>should be considered when as contributing to ciguatera fish poisoning. Different strains of<jats:italic>Fukuyoa<\/jats:italic>form a complex of morphologically cryptic lineages where<jats:italic>F. paulensis<\/jats:italic>stands as the most distantly related nominal species. The comparison of the ITS2 secondary structures revealed the absence of CBCs among strains. The study of the morphological and molecular traits depicted an unresolved taxonomic scenario impacted by the low strains sampling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T02:44:39Z","timestamp":1450665879000},"page":"481-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Characterization of a Strain of<i>Fukuyoa paulensis<\/i>(Dinophyceae) from the Western Mediterranean Sea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Aitor","family":"Laza\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of The Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Sarriena z\/g, Leioa 48940 Basque Country Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of The Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Sarriena z\/g, Leioa 48940 Basque Country Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Riob\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Asociada de I+D+i Microalgas Nocivas IEO\u2010CSIC Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irati","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sequencing and Genotyping Unit from SGIker services of the University of The Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Sarriena z\/g Leioa 48940 Basque Country Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Orive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of The Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Sarriena z\/g, Leioa 48940 Basque Country Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.45.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"7th International Conference in Molluscan Shellfish Safety","author":"Aligizaki K.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Morphological identification of two tropical dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Sinophysis in the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"9","author":"Aligizaki K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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