{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1781010999949,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Minnesota. Here, we evaluated <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in 50 wild bobcats (<jats:italic>Lynx rufus<\/jats:italic>) and 75 other animals on\/near 10 cattle farms. Antibodies to <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> were assayed in serum samples or tissue fluids by the modified agglutination test (MAT, cut\u2010off 1:25). Twenty nine of 50 bobcats and 15 of 41 wildlife trapped on the vicinity of 10 farms and nine of 16 adult domestic cats (<jats:italic>Felis catus<\/jats:italic>) and six of 14 domestic dogs resident on farms were seropositive. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> oocysts were not found in feces of any felid. Tissues of all seropositive wild animals trapped on the farm were bioassayed in mice and viable <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> was isolated from two badgers (<jats:italic>Taxidea taxus<\/jats:italic>), two raccoons (<jats:italic>Procyon lotor<\/jats:italic>), one coyote (<jats:italic>Canis latrans<\/jats:italic>), and one opossum (<jats:italic>Didelphis virginiana<\/jats:italic>). All six <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> isolates were further propagated in cell culture. Multi\u2010locus PCR\u2010RFLP genotyping using 10 markers (SAG1, SAG2 (5\u2032\u20103\u2032SAG2, and alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22\u20108, c29\u20102, L358, PK1, and Apico), and DNA from cell culture derived tachyzoites revealed three genotypes; #5 ToxoDataBase (1 coyote, 1 raccoon), #1 (1 badger, 1 raccoon, 1 opossum), and #2 (1 badger). This is the first report of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> prevalence in domestic cats and in bobcats from Minnesota, and the first isolation of viable <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> from badger.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1454086983000},"page":"567-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antibody Detection and Molecular Characterization of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> from Bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus<\/i>), Domestic Cats (<i>Felis catus<\/i>), and Wildlife from Minnesota, USA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Shiv K.","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Minicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota 1988 Fitch Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darby","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota 1988 Fitch Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Carstensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resource Division of Wildlife 5463\u2010C West Broadway Forest Lake Minnesota 55056"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Humpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resource Division of Wildlife 5463\u2010C West Broadway Forest Lake Minnesota 55056"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services St. Paul Downtown Airport 644 Bayfield Street, Suite 215 St. Paul Minnesota 55107"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Calero\u2010Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila K.","family":"Cerqueira\u2010C\u00e9zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver C.H.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996\u20100845"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory Building 1001 Beltsville Maryland 20705\u20102350"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey J. 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