{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:11:02Z","timestamp":1791389462284,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,18]],"date-time":"2016-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal disease is one of the most important health concerns for companion animals. Research into canine forms of periodontitis has focused on the identification and characterization of the bacterial communities present. However, other microorganisms are known to inhabit the oral cavity and could also influence the disease process. A novel, broad spectrum 18S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> was developed and used, in conjunction with next\u2010generation sequencing analyses to target the identification of protists. <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic> sp. were identified from 92 samples of canine plaque. The overall prevalence of trichomonads was 56.52% (52\/92) and entamoebae was 4.34% (4\/92). Next\u2010generation sequencing of pooled healthy, gingivitis, early\u2010stage periodontitis, and severe periodontitis samples revealed the proportion of trichomonad sequences to be 3.51% (health), 2.84% (gingivitis), 6.07% (early periodontitis), and 35.04% (severe periodontitis), respectively, and entamoebae to be 0.01% (health), 0.01% (gingivitis), 0.80% (early\u2010stage periodontitis), and 7.91% (severe periodontitis) respectively. Both genera of protists were statistically associated with plaque from dogs with periodontal disease. These findings provide the first conclusive evidence for the presence of oral protozoa in dog plaque and suggest a possible role for protozoa in the periodontal disease process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T12:26:53Z","timestamp":1472473613000},"page":"286-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Prevalence of Canine Oral Protozoa and Their Association with Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3668-2707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niran","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The WALTHAM<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Centre for Pet Nutrition Waltham\u2010On\u2010The\u2010Wolds Melton Mowbray Leicestershire LE14 4RT United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity University of Leicester Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RH United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Colyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The WALTHAM<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Centre for Pet Nutrition Waltham\u2010On\u2010The\u2010Wolds Melton Mowbray Leicestershire LE14 4RT United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The WALTHAM<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Centre for Pet Nutrition Waltham\u2010On\u2010The\u2010Wolds Melton Mowbray Leicestershire LE14 4RT United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Holcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The WALTHAM<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Centre for Pet Nutrition Waltham\u2010On\u2010The\u2010Wolds Melton Mowbray Leicestershire LE14 4RT United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity University of Leicester Leicester Leicestershire LE1 7RH United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prevalence of oral trichomoniasis in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis using PCR and direct smear","volume":"36","author":"Athari A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Prevalencia y asociaci\u00f3n epidemiol\u00f3gica de los protozoarios orales Entamoeba gingivalis y Trichomonas tenax en ni\u00f1os mexicanos","volume":"65","author":"Cuevas R. 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