{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:43:31Z","timestamp":1790711011697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["237523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Eukaryotic Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Naegleria fowleri<\/jats:italic> causes a fatal disease known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. This condition is characterized by an acute inflammation that originates from the free passage of peripheral blood cells to the central nervous system through the alteration of the blood\u2013brain barrier. In this work, we established models of the infection in rats and in a primary culture of endothelial cells from rat brains with the aim of evaluating the activation and the alterations of these cells by <jats:italic>N.\u00a0fowleri<\/jats:italic>. We proved that the rat develops the infection similar to the mouse model. We also found that amoebic cysteine proteases produced by the trophozoites and the conditioned medium induced cytopathic effect in the endothelial cells. In addition, <jats:italic>N.\u00a0fowleri<\/jats:italic> can decrease the transendothelial electrical resistance by triggering the destabilization of the tight junction proteins claudin\u20105, occludin, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 in a time\u2010dependent manner. Furthermore, <jats:italic>N.\u00a0fowleri<\/jats:italic> induced the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VCAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and the production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 as well as nitric oxide. We conclude that <jats:italic>N.\u00a0fowleri<\/jats:italic> damaged the blood\u2013brain barrier model by disrupting the intercellular junctions and induced the presence of inflammatory mediators by allowing the access of inflammatory cells to the olfactory bulbs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,14]],"date-time":"2018-04-14T22:42:11Z","timestamp":1523745731000},"page":"804-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An In Vitro Model of the Blood\u2013Brain Barrier: <i>Naegleria fowleri<\/i> Affects the Tight Junction Proteins and Activates the Microvascular Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Coronado\u2010Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute Av. 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