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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IWOP<\/jats:styled-content> meetings focus on opportunistic protists (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content>s); for example, free\u2010living amoebae, <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>, the Microsporidia, and kinetoplastid flagellates. The highlights of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> spp. research included the reports of primary homothallism for mating; a potential requirement for sexual replication in its life cycle; a new antigen on the surface of small asci; roles for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLR<\/jats:styled-content>s, Dectin\u20101, and Mincle in host responses; and identification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSG<\/jats:styled-content> families and mechanisms used for surface variation. Studies of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidia<\/jats:italic> spp. included comparative genomics, a new cryopreservation method; the role of mucin in attachment and invasion, and epidemiological surveys illustrating species diversity in animals. One of the five identified proteins in the polar tube of Microsporidia, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTP<\/jats:styled-content>4, was shown to play a role in host infection. Zebrafish were used as a low cost vertebrate animal model for an evaluation of potential anti\u2010toxoplasma drugs. Folk medicine compounds with anti\u2010toxoplasma activity were presented, and reports on the chronic toxoplasma infection provided evidence for increased tractability for the study of this difficult life cycle stage. Escape from the parasitophorus vacuole and cell cycle regulation were the topics of the study in the acute phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T08:52:38Z","timestamp":1525337558000},"page":"934-939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The 14th International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists (<scp>IWOP<\/scp> 14)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie T.","family":"Cushion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio 45267"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio 45220"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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Genetics University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York 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