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In some animals it can lead to several disorders such as systemic disease, reproductive disorders (abortions and neonatal mortality), and even to death if severe illness is untreated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of three common parasites in 74 animals from\u00a0three zoos, and four circuses in Southern Italy. Antibodies to <jats:italic>Toxoplasma\u00a0gondii, Neospora\u00a0caninum,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Encephalitozoon cuniculi<\/jats:italic> were detected in 51%, 12%, and 20% of animals, respectively. Co\u2010infections of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N.\u00a0caninum<\/jats:italic> were reported in seven animals (9%) and co\u2010infection of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E.\u00a0cuniculi<\/jats:italic> in one animal. <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> N. caninum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. cuniculi<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence differed in type of diet (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.037 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.004, respectively). <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. cuniculi<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence also differed in animal families (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.0001) and according to type of housing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.003), respectively. Statistical differences were not found in other characteristics (gender, age, country of birth, origin, and contact with cats or dogs). This is the first serological study focusing on protozoan and microsporidian parasites in zoo and circus animals from Southern Italy and the first detection of antibodies to <jats:italic>E.\u00a0cuniculi<\/jats:italic> in camels in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T16:20:48Z","timestamp":1536682848000},"page":"442-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>,<i> Neospora caninum<\/i> and <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi<\/i> in Animals from Captivity (Zoo and Circus Animals)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ji\u0159ina","family":"Markov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159. 1946\/1 Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Macha\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159. 1946\/1 Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"B\u00e1rtov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palack\u00e9ho t\u0159. 1946\/1 Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Sedl\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Serology State Veterinary Institute Prague S\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed 136\/24 Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Bud\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 2 Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naples Zoo Via. 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Kennedy 76 Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions University of Naples Federico II Largo San Marcellino 10 Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Veneziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions University of Naples Federico II Largo San Marcellino 10 Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2502.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1453.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey J. 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