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Continuous direct current at a power density of 52\u00b72\u2009\u00b5W\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for 2\u2009min was sufficient to immobilize fish for surgery, but induced a mild, transient hypokalaemia and hyperglycaemia. Insertion of a 4\u00b78\u2009mm laparoscopic instrument set through the urogenital pore provided access to the gonads for examination and biopsy with mild tissue trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T16:05:32Z","timestamp":1378224332000},"page":"1391-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A portable electro\u2010immobilization and laparoscopy system for sex determination and gonadal biopsy in largemouth bass <i>Micropterus salmoides<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"M. 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