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In experiment 1,<jats:italic>F. parvipinnis<\/jats:italic>were exposed to an acute stressor by lowering water levels to dorsal\u2010fin height and repeatedly handling the fish over the course of an hour. Neither parasite was found to influence cortisol release rates in response to this acute stressor. In experiment 2, different<jats:italic>F. parvipinnis<\/jats:italic>were exposed on four consecutive days to the procedure for collecting water\u2010borne hormone levels and release rates of 11\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KT<\/jats:styled-content>and cortisol were quantified. This design examined whether<jats:italic>F. parvipinnis<\/jats:italic>perceived the water\u2010borne collection procedure to be a stressor, while also exploring how parasites influenced hormone release rates under conditions less stressful than those in experiment 1. No association was found between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RENB<\/jats:styled-content>and hormone release rates, or between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUHA<\/jats:styled-content>and 11\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KT<\/jats:styled-content>release rates. The interaction between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUHA<\/jats:styled-content>density and handling time, however, was an important predictor of cortisol release rates. The relationship between handling time and cortisol release rates was negative for<jats:italic>F. parvipinnis<\/jats:italic>harbouring low or intermediate density infections, and became positive for fish harbouring high densities of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUHA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T03:30:41Z","timestamp":1453692641000},"page":"1125-1142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The relationship between handling time and cortisol release rates changes as a function of brain parasite densities in California killifish<i>Fundulus parvipinnis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"K. L.","family":"Weinersmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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