{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:15:51Z","timestamp":1762506951960},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture","award":["KYX-80-12-24A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYX-80-12-24A"]}]},{"name":"Kentucky's Regional University Trust Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterize the genetics of second generation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) koi <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u00d7\u2009goldfish <jats:italic>Carassius auratus<\/jats:italic> hybrids. Spermatozoa produced by a novel, fertile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> male were found to be diploid by flow\u2010cytometric analysis. Backcross (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> female\u2009\u00d7\u2009<jats:italic>C. carpio<\/jats:italic> male and <jats:italic>C. carpio<\/jats:italic> female\u2009\u00d7\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> male) juveniles were triploid, confirming that female and male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> hybrids both produced diploid gametes. The vast majority of surviving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> juveniles was diploid and small proportions were aneuploid (2\u00b71<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20132\u00b73<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> and 3\u00b71<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u20133\u00b79<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>), triploid (3<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>) and tetraploid (4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>). Microsatellite genotyping showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> diploids repeated either the complete maternal or the complete paternal genotype. Fish with the maternal genotype were female and fish with the paternal genotype were male. This demonstrates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> diploids were the result of spontaneous gynogenesis and spontaneous androgenesis. Analysis of microsatellite inheritance and the sex ratio in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> crosses showed that spontaneous gynogenesis and androgenesis did not always occur in equal proportions. One cross was found to have an approximate equal number of androgenetic and gynogenetic offspring while in several other crosses spontaneous androgenesis was found to occur more frequently than spontaneous gynogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T19:38:08Z","timestamp":1479325088000},"page":"80-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (<scp>F<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp>) koi <i>Cyprinus carpio<\/i>\u2009\u00d7\u2009goldfish <i>Carassius auratus<\/i> hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"T. 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