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With a need for individual monitoring and non\u2010lethal sampling, the effect of repeat anaesthesia on experimental fish needs to be better understood. This study analyses the effect of repeat anaesthesia with MS\u2010222, metomidate and AQUI\u2010S upon the gill and general health of post\u2010smolt Atlantic salmon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. A single, lethal dose of anaesthetic was compared with seven anaesthetizing time points over 28\u2009days, terminating in a lethal dose. No anaesthetic showed significant differences in accumulation in the muscle tissue, or changes in plasma glucose after repeated or single dosing. Fish repeatedly anaesthetized with MS\u2010222 or AQUI\u2010S exhibited upregulation of osmoregulatory genes in the gill and AQUI\u2010S\u2010treated individuals showed, histologically, epithelial lifting from the lamellae capillary irrespective of whether they had a single or repeated dose history. No significant changes were seen in inflammatory or stress genes in the head kidney of fish repeatedly anaesthetized with AQUI\u2010S or metomidate, however MS\u2010222 treatment resulted in upregulation of <jats:italic>tnf\u03b13.<\/jats:italic> Repeated anaesthesia with MS\u2010222 and metomidate gave a significant decrease and increase in peripheral blood neutrophils, respectively. This study concludes that no increase in cumulative stress or inflammation is induced by the repeated anaesthetization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. salar<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> with any of the tested anaesthetics, however gill osmotic regulation and blood parameters may be affected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T13:15:07Z","timestamp":1537622107000},"page":"1069-1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of repeated anaesthesia on gill and general health of Atlantic salmon, <scp><i>Salmo salar<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9332-6573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Chance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"},{"name":"Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fordyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Noguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiehui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Secombes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Collet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"AQUI\u2010S\u00ae New Zealand Ltd.2018.AQUI\u2010S\u00ae ANAESTHETIC.Retrieved fromwww.aqui-s.com\/index.php\/aqui-s-products\/aqui-s"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(91)90019-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/42.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-009-9314-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(85)90262-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(84)90324-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90270-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(88)90142-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1997.00094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2003.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/H07-023.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Proliferative gill disease (Hamburger Gill Disease)","author":"Durborow R. 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