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In <jats:italic>C. lumpus<\/jats:italic>, wild fish (57%) had more vertebra deformities (\u22651 deformed vertebrae) than cultured fish (2\u201316%). One wild <jats:italic>C. lumpus<\/jats:italic> had lordosis and another was missing the tail fin. In <jats:italic>L. bergylta<\/jats:italic>, wild fish (11%) had fewer vertebra deformities than cultured individuals (78\u201391%). Among the cultured <jats:italic>L. bergylta<\/jats:italic>, 17\u201353% of the fish had severe vertebra deformities (\u22656 deformed vertebrae) with two predominate sites of location, one between vertebra 4 and 10 (S1) in the trunk, and one between 19 and 26 (S2) in the tail. Fusions dominated S1, while compressions dominated S2. Although wild <jats:italic>L. bergylta<\/jats:italic> had a low vertebra deformity level, 83% had calluses and 14% had fractures in haemal\/neural spines and\/or ribs. The site\u2010specific appearance and pathology of fracture and callus in wild <jats:italic>L. bergylta<\/jats:italic> suggests these are induced by chronic mechanical stress, and a possible pathogenesis for fish hyperostosis is presented based on this notion. In conclusion, good bone health was documented in cultured <jats:italic>C. lumpus<\/jats:italic>, but cultured <jats:italic>L. bergylta<\/jats:italic> suffered poor bone health. How this affects survival, growth, swimming abilities and welfare in cultured wrasse should be further investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal deformities were studied in ballan wrasse and lumpfish of both wild and cultured origin for the first time to identify potential welfare issues when deploying them as cleaner fish in salmon sea cages. While cultured lumpfish showed good bone health, cultured wrasse had a high occurrence of vertebra deformities, which is expected to impact lice eating efficiency and animal welfare negatively. 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