{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:34:00Z","timestamp":1773966840334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide updated information on life history for improved fishery management, the reproductive cycle of the finetooth shark <jats:italic>Carcharhinus isodon<\/jats:italic> from Northwest Atlantic (NWA) populations was investigated by examining temporal changes in morphology and histology of reproductive organs. Changes in plasma concentrations of gonadal sex hormones in relation to reproductive stage were also examined. Increases in testis width, epididymis head width, plasma testosterone concentrations and occurrence of mature spermatozoa were observed in male sharks between December and April, suggesting a seasonal pattern in reproduction that culminates with copulatory activity in May. Increases in maximum follicular diameter, oviducal gland width, plasma 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol concentrations and occurrence of vitellogenic follicles were observed in non\u2010pregnant female sharks during the same time period along with the occurrence of newly pregnant females in May, demonstrating strong synchronicity between male and female reproductive cycles. Pregnant females bearing full\u2010term embryos were also observed in May, indicating that parturition occurs between mid\u2010May and early June and gestation requires 12\u2009months. Only transient temporal changes in follicle size and oviducal gland width were observed in pregnant females, indicating that reproductive periodicity is biennial; nonetheless, a single female exhibiting signs of concurrent vitellogenesis and pregnancy was observed. Mean brood size\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:sc>S.D.<\/jats:sc> was 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 offspring\/female. Fecundity was not significantly correlated with female size, in part due to an unexpectedly high rate of early embryo mortality, which occurred in 11% of pregnant females, and was more common in larger individuals. Changes in ovarian activity during mid\u2010pregnancy were observed, suggesting possible roles for the ovary in regulating some aspects of early to mid\u2010gestation. This study confirms that earlier characterizations of the reproductive cycle and fecundity in NWA finetooth sharks remain valid for use in fishery management. This study also highlights unusual features of finetooth shark pregnancy (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>, early embryo death, mid\u2010pregnancy changes in ovarian function) that may have broader relevance to understanding elasmobranch reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T15:47:41Z","timestamp":1601048861000},"page":"1780-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Re\u2010evaluation of reproductive cycle and fecundity of finetooth sharks <i>Carcharhinus isodon<\/i> (<scp>V<\/scp>alenciennes 1839) from the <scp>N<\/scp>orthwest <scp>A<\/scp>tlantic <scp>O<\/scp>cean, with new observations on ovarian cycle and reproductive endocrinology of biennially reproducing sharks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Florida  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan S.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4716-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Gelsleichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Florida  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Sharks of the central gulf coast of Florida","volume":"15","author":"Clark E.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Life history and population dynamics of the finetooth shark (Carcharhinus isodon) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico","volume":"101","author":"Carlson J. K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00001717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Cortes E.2002.Stock assessment of small coastal sharks in the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Sustainable Fisheries Division Contribution SFD\u201001\/02\u2013152. NMFS NOAA Silver Spring MD.http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.569.972&rep=rep1&type=pdf(last accessed 4 May 2020)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1643\/CE-08-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18785\/goms.2401.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Biology and ecology of sharks and their relatives","author":"Gelsleichter J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD01091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"586","article-title":"Plasma steroid hormone profiles and reproductive biology of the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum","volume":"284","author":"Heupel M. R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-010-9603-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Manual of fisheries science. Part 2: Methods of resource investigation and their application","author":"Holden M. J.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7755\/MFR.81.2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.107549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Fetal mummification in the major domestic species: current perspectives on causes and management","volume":"6","author":"Lefebvre R. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1995.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). (2019).Stock assessment and fishery evaluation (SAFE) report for Atlantic highly migratory species.https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/resource\/document\/2018-stock-assessment-and-fishery-evaluation-report-atlantic-highly-migratory(last accessed 27 May 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18785\/goms.2201.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Arthurs\u2019 veterinary reproduction and obstetrics","author":"Noakes D. E.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Impacts of Climate Change on fisheries and aquaculture: Synthesis of current knowledge, adaptation and mitigation options","author":"Oxenford H. A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00842901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cot028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Contribution to the biology of the whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus)","volume":"31","author":"Randall J. E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pacific Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-19.2.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-89132008000300015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","volume-title":"SEDAR 13 highly migratory species small coastal shark complex, Atlantic sharpnose, blacknose, bonnethead, and finetooth shark stock assessment report","author":"SouthEast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR)","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"987","article-title":"Reproduction and feeding of spotted gully shark, Triakis megalopterus, off the eastern cape, South Africa","volume":"97","author":"Smale M. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6949"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Natural history of the sandbar shark Eulamia milberti","volume":"178","author":"Springer S.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1670\/12-253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Catch and bycatch in the shark drift gillnet fishery off Georgia and Florida","volume":"59","author":"Trent L.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Marine Fisheries Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2000.7466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"Tag\u2010recapture results of small coastal sharks (Carcharhinus acronotus, C. isodon, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, and Sphyrna tiburo) in the Gulf of Mexico","author":"Tyminski J. P.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-019-00929-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"The elasmobranch husbandry manual: Captive Care of Sharks, rays and their relatives","author":"Walsh C. J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1656\/1528-7092(2007)6[183:OOCIFS]2.0.CO;2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.14542","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfb.14542","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.14542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T20:22:33Z","timestamp":1693858953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.14542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.14542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.14542","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}