{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:29:15Z","timestamp":1747186155253,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:italic>Lepadichthys lineatus<\/jats:italic>complex (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) is defined by three unique characters within<jats:italic>Lepadichthys<\/jats:italic>: (a) upper\u2010jaw lip fused with snout skin, usually lacking a distinct groove between the dorsal lip margin and snout (if present, very weak, restricted to posterior portion of jaw); (b) snout tip well extended, distinctly beyond lower\u2010jaw tip; and (c) inner surface of both lips with oral papillae. A taxonomic review of the complex recognized four valid species:<jats:italic>Lepadichthys geminus<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. (southern Japan and Indonesia),<jats:italic>Lepadichthys heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean),<jats:italic>Lepadichthys polyastrous<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. (southwestern Indian Ocean) and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>Briggs, 1966 (Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Seychelles and Sri Lanka).<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>are distinct from<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>in having a circular (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. elliptical) disc and more posteriorly located anus [<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>with disc length and width 15.0\u201318.7 (mean 16.9) and 12.9\u201316.5 (14.6) %<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>, respectively, and length to width ratio 1.03\u20131.25 cf.<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>, 17.0\u201321.5 (18.9) and 11.6\u201315.2 (13.0) %<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>, respectively, and 1.26\u20131.61; pre\u2010anus length and disc to anus length 65.1\u201373.6 (68.7) and 25.7\u201331.6 (28.6) %<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>, respectively<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 60.2\u201368.3 (65.3) and 21.6\u201328.9 (25.5) %<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>, respectively]. Body depth (as % of<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>S<\/jats:sub>) is also useful to distinguish<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>from<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>[<jats:italic>viz<\/jats:italic>., 12.7\u201316.1 (14.4) in<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>and 10.8\u201314.9 (13.1) in<jats:italic>L. polyastrous vs<\/jats:italic>. 15.0\u201317.1 (15.9) in<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>and 14.6\u201318.9 (16.8) in<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>].<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>differs distinctly from other species in the complex as follows: snout tip directed upward, usually on same horizontal level with lower margin of eye lens (lateral view) (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. directed somewhat downward, horizontal level usually between lower margins of eye and eye lens in<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>, lower margin of eye in<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>); and lower abdomen with two yellow stripes (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. a single stripe along ventral midline in<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>, unknown in<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>).<jats:italic>L. polyastrous<\/jats:italic>has unique patterns of yellow dots on the dorsal and ventral body surfaces, forming<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. six to eight and three to five longitudinal rows, respectively [<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. usually forming<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. three to five longitudinal rows and a single broken line, respectively, in<jats:italic>L. geminus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>; yellow dots usually absent in<jats:italic>L. heemstraorum<\/jats:italic>]. A poorly known species,<jats:italic>Lepadichthys caritus<\/jats:italic>Briggs, 1969, is regarded as a junior synonym of<jats:italic>L. lineatus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T04:39:24Z","timestamp":1633754364000},"page":"62-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Review of the<scp><i>Lepadichthys lineatus<\/i><\/scp>complex (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with descriptions of three new species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7577-8333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoji","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Motomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kagoshima University Museum Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Reef fishes of the East Indies","year":"2012","author":"Allen G. 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