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The temperature profiles of the rivers in which sturgeon live and reproduce have been severely altered by human intervention, and the effect of global warming is expected to cause further temperature shifts, which may be detrimental for early developmental stages with narrow windows of thermal tolerance. The comparison of the performance of diploid and autopolyploid sturgeon kept at unfavourable temperatures contributes to scientific knowledge of the effects of polyploid genome states on organisms and can shed light on the ability of polyploids to cope with human\u2010induced alterations to natural conditions. Using the sterlet <jats:italic>Acipenser ruthenus<\/jats:italic> as a model species, we carried out conventional artificial fertilization, as well as the induction of the second polar body retention (SPBR), of the first mitotic division suppression (FMDS) and of the second polar body retention followed by the first mitotic division suppression (SPBR+FMDS). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polyploidy on two basic performance parameters, survival and growth. In Experiment 1, fish belonging to untreated, SPBR\u2010, FMDS\u2010 and SPBR+FMDS\u2010induced groups were kept at 10, 16 and 20\u00b0C from the neurula stage until the end of endogenous feeding. In Experiment 2, larvae from the untreated and SPBR\u2010induced groups were reared at 10, 16 and 20\u00b0C after their endogenous feeding transition for 3\u2009weeks. Based on our findings, we report that the embryos, prelarvae and larvae of triploid <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>ruthenus<\/jats:italic> do not differ from diploids in their ability to survive, grow and develop under suboptimal temperature conditions, while the survival of tetraploids was significantly reduced even at the optimal temperature and even more so at temperatures far from the optimum. This was also the case in the 2<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\/4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> mosaics observed in FMDS\u2010induced group. Thus, we assume that in tetraploid and 2<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\/4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> individuals, the limits of thermal tolerance are closer to the optimum than in diploids. We also conclude that the hexaploid genome state is probably lethal in <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>ruthenus<\/jats:italic> since none of the hexaploids or 3<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\/6<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> mosaics arising from the SPBR+FMDS induction survived the prelarval period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T10:23:35Z","timestamp":1651055015000},"page":"77-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["How do suboptimal temperatures affect polyploid sterlet <i>Acipenser ruthenus<\/i> during early development?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7243-6944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hub\u00e1lek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  Vod\u0148any Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vojt\u011bch","family":"Ka\u0161par","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  Vod\u0148any Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9154-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Tichop\u00e1d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  Vod\u0148any Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1145-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Rodina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  Vod\u0148any Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Flaj\u0161hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  Vod\u0148any Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esl061"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1467","article-title":"The effect of temperature on the standard and routine metabolic rates of young of the year sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus)","volume":"11","author":"Andrei R. 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