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The diploid chromosome number of <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic> population was 2\u2009<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a044. Different types of chromosomal aberrations were recorded (<jats:italic>e.g.,<\/jats:italic> deletion, ring, centromeric attenuation, end\u2010to\u2010end association, dicentric chromosome, stickiness chromosomes, endomitosis, fragments and chromatid gap). The chromosomal aberrations varied between <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic> population collected from five sites, and the most common type was ring (R) chromosomes. Samples obtained from Bahr Yousef and Irrigation drain exhibited the highest aberration frequency. The frequency of chromosomal aberration was positively correlated with the concentration of heavy metals where their concentration in the surface water of Irrigation drain and Bahr Yousef exceeded the limits defined by WHO as well as the concentration of Pb in muscles. The RAPD marker was also used to identify genetic variation among Nile tilapia samples collected from five different water sources. It created polymorphic and unique bands that can be used as genetic markers to track DNA variations. The dendrogram also revealed that exposure to heavy metal pollution causes gradual accumulation of variance, whereas areas subjected to environmental stress showed higher genetic variation and clustered together.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T10:38:42Z","timestamp":1666089522000},"page":"204-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mitotic chromosomal abnormalities and <scp>DNA<\/scp> polymorphism in the Nile tilapia (<scp><i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i><\/scp>, Linnaeus, 1758) as a biomarker for water pollution by heavy metals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gehan M.","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3468-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwaar S. M.","family":"Abu Shnaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science Minia University  Minia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cyto\u2010histopathological and protein polymorphism alterations in five populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as biomonitor for water heavy metal pollution","volume":"2021","author":"Abu Shnaf A. S. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(88)90413-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ajac.2012.311097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"606","article-title":"Micronucleus test in fish genome: A sensitive monitor for aquatic pollution","volume":"7","author":"Ali F. 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