{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:27:44Z","timestamp":1747186064820,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The swamp eel, <jats:italic>Monopterus albus<\/jats:italic>, is an important aquaculture species in Asia (mainly China) whose production has seriously suffered from infectious diseases. In spite of the critical requirement for aquaculture practices, to date there is scant information on its immune defence. Here, the genetic characteristics of Toll\u2010like receptor 9 (TLR9), which plays crucial roles in the initiation of host defence against microbial invasion, were analysed. It exhibits a striking lack of genetic variation resulting from a recent demographic bottleneck. A comparison with the homologue of <jats:italic>M. javanensis<\/jats:italic> revealed that replacement but not silent differences have nonrandomly accumulated in the coding sequences at the early stage following their split from a common ancestor. Furthermore, the replacements relevant to the type II functional divergence have mainly occurred in structural motifs mediating ligand recognition and receptor homodimerization. These results provide hints to understand the diversity\u2010based strategy of TLR9 in the arms race against pathogens. Furthermore, the findings reported here give credence to the importance of basic immunology knowledge, especially for the key elements, in genetic engineering and breeding for disease resistance in the eel and other fishes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T04:24:42Z","timestamp":1678163082000},"page":"1149-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic diversity of Toll\u2010like receptor 9 in swamp eels (<i>Monopterus albus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Caifei","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi\u2010omics Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi\u2010omics Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University  Chengdu People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003945"},{"volume-title":"Molecular genetic and taxonomic studies of the swamp eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew 1793)","year":"2016","author":"Arisuryanti T.","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226044439.001.0001"},{"volume-title":"Distribution\u2010Free Statistical Tests","year":"1968","author":"Bradley J. 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