{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:51:29Z","timestamp":1786870289816,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some teleost fishes change their sex, and some of these fishes have specific gonads known as \u201covotestes,\u201d that is, gonads containing both ovarian and testicular tissues. In this study, we revealed the gonadal transformation process and cell dynamics during the female\u2010to\u2010male sex change in the harlequin sandsmelt, <jats:italic>Parapercis pulchella<\/jats:italic> (Pinguipetidae), in which females possess ovotestes. Histological observations revealed that although female ovotestes were composed of oocytes, a few cysts of male germ cells were observed among them. At the initial phase of sex change, male germ cells increased, and spermatogenesis proceeded. After that, oocytes decreased and finally disappeared, and the gonads became functional testes. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against Pcna (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) as a cell proliferation marker revealed that spermatogonia were Pcna positive, whereas spermatocytes were negative, in female ovotestes. This suggests that spermatogenesis is arrested at the spermatocyte stage. In addition, some somatic cells surrounding oocytes, which were thought to be the female follicle cells, were Pcna positive during sex change, indicating that these cells proliferate during sex change and are reused in male testes after sex change. Also, immunostaining using antibodies against active cleaved\u2010Caspase3a as an apoptosis marker demonstrated that oocytes degenerated through apoptotic cell death at the late transition stage. Together with previous findings in other fishes, these findings suggested that the histological processes in gonads during sex change, such as the order of developmental events, developmental fates of ovarian cavities, and ovotestis structures, are diversified among fish species. In contrast, cellular dynamics of female germ and somatic cells during sex change are common among protogynous species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T07:10:27Z","timestamp":1692947427000},"page":"1347-1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gonadal and cellular dynamics during protogynous sex change in the harlequin sandsmelt <i>Parapercis pulchella<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5533-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akifumi","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science The University of Tokyo  Miura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science The University of Tokyo  Miura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Kohtsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science The University of Tokyo  Miura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Sunobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fish Behavioral Ecology, Tateyama Station, Field Science Center Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology  Tateyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7456-4402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science The University of Tokyo  Miura Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Records of two species of the genus Parapercis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae) from Yaku\u2010Shima Island, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan","volume":"45","author":"Araki M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature of Kagoshima"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000223079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.20.1399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023332216713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Carbines G.(2004).Age growth movement and reproductive biology of blue cod (Parapercis colias \u2013 Pinguipedidae): Implications for fisheries management in the South Island of New Zealand(Issue 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