{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:12:07Z","timestamp":1787015527660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011078","name":"Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A swim tunnel is to fish as a treadmill is to humans, and is a device used for indirect measuring of the metabolic rate. This study aims to explore the fish stress (if any) during the critical swimming test routines (fish handling, confinement, and swimming) using heart rate (\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    , heartbeat per minute) bio\u2010loggers in farmed Atlantic salmon (\n                    <jats:italic>Salmo salar<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.). In addition, the recovery dynamics of exercised fish using\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    were explored for 48\u2009h post swim tests. Continuous\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    data were acquired following the surgical implantation and throughout the trials, such as during fish handling, swim tests (critical swimming speed, U\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and 48\u2009h post swim tests. After 3\u2009weeks of surgical recovery,\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    stabilized at 46.20\u2009\u00b1\u20091.26\u2009beats\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , equalizing a ~38% reduction in\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    recorded post\u2010surgical tachycardia (74.13\u2009\u00b1\u20091.44\u2009beats\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Interestingly,\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    was elevated by ~200% compared to baseline levels not only due to the\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    (92.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23\u2009beats\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) but also due to fish handling and confinement in the swim tunnel, which was 66% above the baseline levels (77.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\u2009beats\u2009min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), suggesting fish stress. Moreover, significantly higher plasma cortisol levels (199.56\u2009\u00b1\u200977.17\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) corresponding to a ~300% increase compared to baseline levels (47.92\u2009\u00b1\u200927.70\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were identified after\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    , predicting post\u2010swim test stress (physiological exhaustion). These findings reinforce the importance of fish acclimation in the swim tunnel prior to the swimming tests. However,\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    dropped over the course of the 48\u2010h post\u2010swim test, but remained comparatively higher than the basal levels, suggesting fish should be given at least 48\u2009h to recover from handling stress for better fish welfare. This study further explored the influence of fish tagging on\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which resulted in reduced swimming capabilities of tagged fish (1.95\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37\u2009body lengths\u2009s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) compared to untagged fish (2.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42\u2009body length\u2009s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), although this was not significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.06), and therefore future tagging studies are warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T23:00:04Z","timestamp":1698706804000},"page":"633-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heart rate as an indicator of stress during the critical swimming speed test of farmed Atlantic salmon (\n                    <i>Salmo salar<\/i>\n                    L.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Naveed","family":"Yousaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI)  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"R\u00f8n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI)  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Keitel\u2010Gr\u00f6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI)  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"McGurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI)  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Obach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI)  Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f97-285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-020-00208-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.17.2337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M03-065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(91)90019-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Water tunnel design for fisheries research","volume":"195","author":"Bell W. 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