{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:15:47Z","timestamp":1767989747387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fish marking is an essential tool for fisheries management, especially for evaluating the stocking of endangered fish species to support conservation and sustainable use of fish stocks. Batch marking of young European eels <jats:italic>Anguilla anguilla<\/jats:italic> (L.) prior to stocking is recommended as the benefits of stocking for the spawning stock can be evaluated by recapturing marked fish over time, therefore mass marking of young eels with substances such as alizarin red S (ARS) is becoming increasingly important. To improve the marking method and reduce marking costs when immersing glass eels in an ARS solution, eight laboratory experiments under varying conditions (e.g., temperature, ARS concentration, immersion time, osmotic induction, fish density) and with ARS from different suppliers were carried out. The results show that optimal marking of glass eels can be carried out in the field or during transport by putting approximately 50\u2009g of glass eels per liter in 150\u2009mg\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> ARS solution for 3\u2009h at 10\u201315\u00b0C. Lower concentrations did not result in reliable marking. Water temperatures of 5\u00b0C and below can have a stunning effect on the eels and increase mortality significantly, regardless of the concentration of ARS. Glass eel densities below 50\u2009g\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in the marking bath increase marking costs unnecessarily, while a higher density of 100\u2009g\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> resulted in significantly higher mortality and lower marking success. A somewhat more difficult but less expensive alternative is to bathe the fish in a saline solution of 1% (10 PSU) of 80\u2009mg\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> ARS for 3\u2009h at 10\u00b0C. Costs can also be significantly reduced by choice of supplier for ARS, but care should be taken as the quality of the powder appears to vary (mean percentage of sufficiently marked eels ranged from 59% to 91% among suppliers in the present study) and can lead to marking failure. The optimal marking conditions can help ensure that stocked glass eels can be reliably identified in future studies to assess stocking benefits while reducing costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T09:58:54Z","timestamp":1704362334000},"page":"1079-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimizing the mass marking of fish with alizarin red S: an example with glass eels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6566-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janek","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Potsdam Institute of Inland Fisheries  Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/kmae:1991007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2007.01038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/T03-073.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1996)125<0146:ASMFMF>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-3005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/kmae\/2011080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8675(1994)014<0143:MMOOLA>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Internal extrinsic identification systems: Overview of implanted wire tags, otolith marks, and parasites","volume":"7","author":"Buckley R. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Fisheries Society Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1996)125<0143:TOOACT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps188263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M06-053.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M07-224.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3197\/096734016X14574329314407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of stocking vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) eleutheroembryos by alizarin marking of otoliths","volume":"50","author":"Eckmann R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archive of Hydrobiology Special Issues Advance in Limnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Council regulation (EC) No 1100\/2007 of 18 September 2007 establishing measures for the recovery of the stock of European eel","volume":"248","author":"EU","year":"2007","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Etude ADRAF: Analyse des Donn\u00e9es de 10 ann\u00e9es de Repeuplement Anguille en France","author":"Feunteun E.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Eel capture, culture, processing and marketing","author":"Forrest D. M.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Evaluation of ammonia toxicity on Daphnia magna and some fish species","volume":"6","author":"Gulyas P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aquacultura Hungarica. Szarvas"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/rbt.v61i1.10946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"ICES. (2011).Report of the 2011 Session of the Joint EIFAAC\/ICES Working Group on Eels. Lisbon PortEMUl 5\u20139 September 2011.ICES CM 2011\/ACOM:18 \/ EIFAAC Occasional paperno. 48 223 pp.https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i2541e.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"ICES. (2016).Report of the Workshop on Eel Stocking (WKSTOCKEEL) 20\u201324 June 2016 Toomebridge Northern Ireland UK. ICES CM 2016\/SSGEPD: 21 75 pp.https:\/\/ices-library.figshare.com\/articles\/report\/Report_of_the_Workshop_on_Eel_Stocking_WKSTOCKEEL_\/18614768\/1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"ICES. (2021).Joint EIFAAC\/ICES\/GFCM Working Group on Eels (WGEEL). ICES Scientific Reports. 3:85 205 pp.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17895\/ices.pub.8143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2400.1997.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000145596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2019.1681358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jai.12981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(87)90019-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M02-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Report of the symposium on stock enhancement in the management of freshwater fisheries. EIFAC technical paper no. 42","author":"Moriarty C.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/M03-119.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","volume-title":"Methods of marking fish and shellfish","author":"Nielsen L. A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","article-title":"Fish\u2010marking techniques","volume":"7","author":"Parker N. C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Fisheries Society Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8640(1996)058<0029:CEOTMT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2400.2001.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Technologien, Normen und Richtwerte der Fischproduktion","author":"Schreckenbach K.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548\u20108659(1991)120<0261:IMOLAJ>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.1989.tb00449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2023.106784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","article-title":"Fangger\u00e4te und \u2010praktiken der kommerziellen Glasaalfischerei in Frankreich","volume":"74","author":"Simon J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fischer & Teichwirt"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jai.14292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2005.00851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2010.01622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.02117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Wissenschaftliche Vorbereitung, Begleitung und Bewertung von Aalbesatzma\u00dfnahmen im Brandenburger Einzugsgebiet der Elbe und Weiterentwicklung der Managementpl\u00e4ne","author":"Simon J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2019.105453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Industriem\u00e4\u00dfige Fischproduktion","author":"Steffens W.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"703","volume-title":"Recent developments in fish otolith research","author":"Thomas L. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00336-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8640(1997)059<0280:OMEFYP>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8675(2003)023<0141:OMORTF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fme.12162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-018-9515-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"The Swedish eel stocking programme","volume":"42","author":"Wickstr\u00f6m H.","year":"1984","journal-title":"EIFAC Technical Paper"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.12053"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.15643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T16:50:09Z","timestamp":1712854209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.15643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.15643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.15643","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}