{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T04:02:29Z","timestamp":1748404949713,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied the topography of retinal ganglion cells (GCs) and estimated spatial resolving power (SRP) in the pajama cardinalfish <jats:italic>Sphaeramia nematoptera<\/jats:italic> (Bleeker, 1856), a relatively small brightly colored fish inhabiting coral reefs and lagoons in the Western Pacific. <jats:italic>S. nematoptera<\/jats:italic> is an active night predator feeding on near\u2010bottom animal plankton and benthos. DAPI staining was used to label nuclei of GCs and non\u2010GCs in the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers. Non\u2010GCs were distinguished from GCs in Nissl\u2010stained retinal wholemounts based on cell size, shape, and staining intensity. The proportion of displaced amacrine cells (DACs) varied from 15.46\u2009\u00b1\u20091.12 (visual streak [VS]) to 17.99\u2009\u00b1\u20091.06% (dorsal periphery) (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:sc>S.E.M.<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095); the respective proportions of glial cells were 6.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84 and 5.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.76%. Thus, 76%\u201378% of cells in the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer were GCs. The minimum spatial coverage of GCs (3600\u20134600 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was detected in the dorsal and ventral periphery. It gradually increased toward the central retina to form a moderate VS. The maximum GC density (11,400\u201312,400 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was registered in the central portion of the VS. No pronounced concentric retinal specializations were found. The total number of GCs ranged within 595.2\u2013635.9 \u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. The anatomical spatial resolving power was minimum in the ventral periphery (4.91\u20135.53\u2009cpd) and maximum in the central portion of the VS (8.47\u20139.07\u2009cpd). The respective minimum separable angles were 0.18\u20130.20\u00b0 and 0.11\u20130.12\u00b0. The relatively high spatial resolving power and presence of the VS in the pajama cardinalfish are in line with its highly visual behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T06:35:19Z","timestamp":1706942119000},"page":"1299-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the pajama cardinalfish <scp><i>Sphaeramia nematoptera<\/i><\/scp> (Bleeker, 1856)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Pushchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences  Vladivostok Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naig","family":"Aleskerov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences  Vladivostok Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523806232103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps322249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90125-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-002-0840-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pair\u2010formation in coral reef fishes: An ecological perspective","volume":"52","author":"Brandl S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb1417s109"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Visual acuity in ray\u2010finned fishes correlates with eye size and habitat","volume":"220","author":"Caves E. 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