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While Brobdingnagian gigantism is largely explained by various ecological and evolutionary rules, Goliathan gigantism is not. A mechanistic hypothesis is proposed which explains Goliathan gigantism in terms of the reduction of oxygen requirements of individual fish via moving to cooler temperatures and\/or acquiring larger, more energy\u2010dense prey, which enable them to get bigger, and, in the process, sometimes generate bimodal size distributions that may qualify as gradual forms between Goliathan and Brobdingnagian gigantism. This mechanism, which relies on the manner in which their gill surface area grows, is more likely to operate in fish that can get big in the first place than in fish that remain small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1709234052000},"page":"1709-1717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brobdingnagians and Goliaths: two forms of gigantism in fish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Pauly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Centre for the Arts in Society  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12061820"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-007-9315-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[1660:TIOSDP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/002829675X00290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025365210414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:1992016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0633.2001.100306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2427.2002.00838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1994.tb00966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icm057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jai.14014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigations on the plaice. 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