{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:27:12Z","timestamp":1772900832637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study investigated if gonad maturation in triploid brown trout, <jats:italic>Salmo trutta<\/jats:italic>, was entirely suppressed or only delayed, and if triploids could interbreed with diploid counterparts. Ten percent of the total number of 3\u2010year\u2010old triploid <jats:italic>S. trutta<\/jats:italic>, 15% of 4\u2010year\u2010old fish, and 17% of 5\u2010year\u2010old fish produced semen. Three and 4\u2009years old triploid fish did not produce eggs, but 15% of the 5\u2010year\u2010old fish did so. The quantity and sperm motility of triploid semen did not differ from diploids, but the sperm concentration was significantly lower. When diploid eggs were fertilized with triploid semen (3n\u2009\u00d7\u20092n crosses), the percentage of eyed stage embryos, of hatched larvae, and of normal\u2010shaped larvae did not differ from the diploid controls. Circa 90% of 3n\u2009\u00d7\u20092n crosses had a ploidy level of 2.4n. In the remaining percentage of 3n\u2009\u00d7\u20092n crosses, the ploidy level was \u22652n and &lt;2.4n. In sperm competition experiments where diploid eggs were fertilized with a mixture of diploid and triploid semen, 52% of the originating larvae had a ploidy level of 2n, 43% of 2.4n, and 5% of the fish were not exactly classified. From the start of feeding to an age of 248\u2009days, the mortality rate of 3n\u2009\u00d7\u20092n interploid crosses and of 2n\u2009\u00d7\u20092n controls was similar. The growth of interploid crosses was significantly higher than that of controls. In triploid mature females, the egg mass per kilogram of body weight was significantly lower than in diploids. The mass of the non\u2010hardened eggs and the percentile weight increase during hardening did not differ from diploid eggs. When triploid eggs were fertilized with diploid semen (2n\u2009\u00d7\u20093n crosses), the development rate to normal hatched larvae was less than 10%. All originating larvae had a ploidy level of 3n. From the start of feeding to an age of 248\u2009days, 2n\u2009\u00d7\u20093n crosses had a higher mortality rate (15%) than diploid controls (&lt;5%). Growth of this type of interploid crosses was reduced in comparison to controls. Therefore, triploids introduced into natural waters for recreational fisheries or escaping from farms may interbreed with diploid counterparts. This not only alters the genotypes of local populations but also changes the ploidy levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T08:59:10Z","timestamp":1711789150000},"page":"1960-1971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Triploid brown trout, <i>Salmo trutta<\/i>, develop functional gonads with age and are able to interbreed with diploid counterparts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Lahnsteiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Agency for Water Management Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research  Mondsee Austria"},{"name":"Fishfarm Kreuzstein  Unterach Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"D\u00fcnser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Agency for Water Management Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research  Mondsee Austria"},{"name":"Fishfarm Kreuzstein  Unterach Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641269991319162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1986)115<838:FCOAIS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Fish cytogenetic techniques","author":"Bertollo L. 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