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The new species was further observed during eight remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives along the Mauritanian slope southwards down to the Tiguent Coral Mound Complex (~17\u00b0 N) in a bathymetric range between 613 and 416\u2009m. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics, including large eyes (38.1% head length [HL]), large head (25.8% standard length [SL]), elongated pelvic fins (35.7% SL), low number of vertebrae (44), and coloration (pinkish with a dorsal darker brownish hue and bright blotches along the dorsal\u2010fin base). A species\u2010delimitation analysis performed with available cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>) sequences affiliated to the genus <jats:italic>Gaidropsarus<\/jats:italic> additionally supported the validity of the new species. Video analyses showed a deep\u2010water coral\u2010associated and protection\u2010seeking behavior, which may explain why the species has remained undescribed until now. Additional ROV footage from separate deep\u2010water coral sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea further highlights the ecological behavior and hidden diversity of bathyal three\u2010bearded rocklings. Here, we additionally discuss the biogeographical distribution of all genetically verified <jats:italic>Gaidropsarus<\/jats:italic> spp. in combination with genetic data and morphological characters. <jats:italic>G. mauritanicus<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. is closely related to a species from Tasmania (43\u00b0 S), a geographical point furthest among the studied samples, which may hint to an important influence of (paleo\u2010) oceanography on the distributions of <jats:italic>Gaidropsarus<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T17:38:53Z","timestamp":1723829933000},"page":"1643-1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Gaidropsarus mauritanicus<\/i> (<scp>Gadiformes, Gaidropsaridae<\/scp>) a new three\u2010bearded rockling from a deep\u2010water coral ecosystem with a genetically verified biogeographical distribution of the genus and notes to its ecology and behavior"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3254-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Knorrn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg am Meer Marine Research Department  Wilhelmshaven Germany"},{"name":"MARUM University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8251-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Beuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg am Meer Marine Research Department  Wilhelmshaven Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5283-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Barros\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR\/CIMAR)  Matosinhos Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4091-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Espa\u00f1ol de Oceanograf\u00eda (IEO)  Fuengirola Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science University of M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Freiwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg am Meer Marine Research Department  Wilhelmshaven Germany"},{"name":"MARUM University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.211232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12681\/mms.558"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Indagine sulle condizioni faunistiche e sui rendlmenti di pesca dei fondali batiali della Sicilia occidentale e della bordura settentrionale dei banchi della soglia siculo\u2010tunisina","author":"Arena P.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Quaderni del Laboratorio di Tecnologia della Pesca"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945209090033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2017.1367403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1497892\/v1"},{"volume-title":"Framework\u2010building cold\u2010water coral ecosystem characterisation: Key studies from macro to micro scale","year":"2008","author":"Beuck L.","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4459.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12681\/mms.28372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-011-0964-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","series-title":"Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes. 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