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Here we report data on <jats:italic>Astroblepus mindoensis<\/jats:italic>, a vulnerable species endemic to Ecuador, obtained by an integrative approach that includes cytogenetic analysis, molecular identification of the specimens, and recording of morphological and morphometric characters useful for species diagnosis. Thus, this study aimed to associate the karyotype data of the specimens analyzed with morphological and molecular characters, improving and expanding the existing taxonomic information, thus contributing to the systematics of the species. Our morphology results, unlike Regan's original description, which is brief and ambiguous, provide a more detailed morphometric and meristic description. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and genetic distance based on a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (<jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>) showed that our samples constitute a well\u2010supported and monophyletic clade within the <jats:italic>A. grixalvii<\/jats:italic> species complex. The cytogenetic analysis identified distinct chromosomal markers, including a single cluster of major ribosomal genes (on chromosome pair 3) and of minor ribosomal genes (on chromosome pair 12) with their localization differing from those reported in other <jats:italic>Astroblepus<\/jats:italic> species analyzed. Additionally, the presence of a heteromorphic chromosome pair in males suggests the presence of an XX\/XY sex\u2010determination system that has not been identified in other congeneric species. Further investigation is necessary to determine if these chromosomes are associated with the accumulation of repeated sequences, as typically occurs with sex chromosomes, and to assess their presence in other species of the genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T14:32:05Z","timestamp":1728570725000},"page":"292-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative morphological, cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the <scp>Andean<\/scp> climbing catfish <i>Astroblepus mindoensis<\/i> (<scp>Regan<\/scp>, 1916) (<scp>Siluriformes:Astroblepidae<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Nirchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Machala  Machala Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade Estadual Paulista  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Bello Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco M. C.","family":"Sassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-2311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Provenzano","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro MBUCVInstituto de Zoolog\u00eda y Ecolog\u00eda Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela  Caracas Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3707-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago Wladimir N\u00fa\u00f1ez","family":"Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison Jazm\u00edn Calder\u00f3n","family":"Berrones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-8381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco Rivadeneira","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geize Aparecida","family":"Deon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos  S\u00e3o Carlos Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Kuranaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias Universidade Estadual Paulista  Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan Santiago","family":"Valdiviezo\u2010Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4536-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C.","family":"Carri\u00f3n Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad  Quito Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie \u201cC. 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