{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T05:31:18Z","timestamp":1734499878121,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The metabolic rate of a freely moving fish (routine metabolic rate) is tightly coupled with volitional movement (spontaneous activity), both of which commonly show strong daily cycles linked to the species\u2010specific diel activity pattern. Mummichog (<jats:italic>Fundulus heteroclitus<\/jats:italic>), an important estuarine fish in the north western Atlantic Ocean, are historically reported as diurnal (i.e., more active during daylight). Our recent laboratory studies on a Bay of Fundy population, however, showed a free\u2010running (i.e., similarly active daytime and night\u2010time) or even nocturnal (i.e., more active at night\u2010time) diel activity pattern. In the laboratory, near\u2010infrared (NIR) illumination is commonly used with a NIR\u2010sensitive camera to visualize fish activity across the light\u2013dark periods of the day. Because NIR light is close to the visible light spectrum and certain fishes show sensitivity to NIR, the use of NIR with mummichog possibly could disturb the animals and obscure the identification of their true diel activity pattern. We aimed to determine if NIR illumination (940\u2009nm wavelength) influences the diel activity pattern of mummichog. We used measurements of routine metabolic rate (oxygen consumption rate, MO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) as a proxy for activity, as evaluating the effect of NIR requires treatments where NIR lights are off, which precludes visualization and direct assessment of fish activity at night\u2010time. We measured routine MO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of mummichogs over 6\u2009days, exposed to either NIR off\u2013on\u2013off (2\u2009days for each off or on period) or the opposite sequence of NIR on\u2013off\u2013on (to control for time\u2010dependent effects). NIR lights did not influence the diel cycle of routine MO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and activity by proxy, in mummichog. Thus, NIR illumination is a suitable method to visualize mummichog during light\u2013dark diel cycles. Routine MO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and presumably activity, was similar or higher during night\u2010time periods compared to daytime periods, confirming a free\u2010running or nocturnal activity pattern for at least certain populations of mummichog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T04:00:05Z","timestamp":1726459205000},"page":"1843-1849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is the diel cycle of routine metabolic rate in mummichog (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus<\/i>) affected by near\u2010infrared lighting used for visualizing behavior of fishes at night?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Annie M.","family":"Trembley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Rowsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Speers\u2010Roesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick  Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","DOI":"10.2307\/1352676"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.190900"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: Opportunities for new insights using genomics","volume":"2","author":"Burnett K. 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