{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:23:45Z","timestamp":1792531425202,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016931","name":"Havforskningsinstituttet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016931","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["652831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["652831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atlantic salmon is an important aquaculture species that has fascinated naturalists for centuries, resulting in its biology being widely characterized. Certain details about the early development and the inheritance of meristic variation in the post\u2010cranial axial skeleton are, however, largely unexplored. The present study gives a detailed description of the sequence of formation of the post\u2010cranial axial skeleton based on whole\u2010mount staining and used radiology to investigate the inheritance of meristic variation in isogenic hybrid all\u2010male families of Atlantic salmon (~4\u2009kg). Eight different families were created by crossing two homozygous double haploid XX females (dam A, B) with four different double haploid homozygous YY super males (sires a to d). In the caudal fin complex, the first bone to form is hypural 1 and its associated lepidotrichia followed by a bidirectional formation of new bones. In the dorsal and anal fins, development starts in the cranial part, and new bones form bidirectionally towards the head and tail fin. The neural and haemal arches start to form at segment 43, and further development is bidirectional. The first parapophysis form in the caudal part of the abdomen followed by a unidirectional completion cranially. The first ribs form at segment 3 and new ribs develop unidirectional caudally. Chordacentra formation starts at segment 24 followed by formation of chordacentrum number 58 (caudal\u2010most vertebra). New chordacentrae form bidirectionally from segment 24 in parallel with the formation of chordacentrum number 57. The first epineuralia form at segment 1 followed by a unidirectional completion caudally until segment 30. The first supraneuralia to develop is number 10 closely followed by number 1, then new supraneurals form bidirectionally from number 10. Analysis of the inheritance on the post\u2010cranial axial skeletal bones showed a strong maternal effect on total vertebrae centra and tail fin lepidotrichia counts. For these skeletal counts, dam A produced offspring with modes of 58 and 45 respectively, while dam B produced offspring with modes of 59 and 42. The higher number of total vertebrae centra produced by dam B was associated with additional abdominal and\/or transitional vertebrae. The completion of formation in different post\u2010cranial axial skeletal parts are either bi\u2010 or unidirectional, and the initiation of formation is site specific for each skeletal part with some inter\u2010part similarities. Further, the present results may suggest that there has been a maternally driven selection for more abdominal vertebrae associated with a higher number of total vertebrae, and more tail fin lepidotrichia associated with a lower number of total vertebrae. These changing meristic counts may impact on important fitness\u2010related traits, such as fecundity and swimming ability, making the present findings relevant for both ecological and aquaculture sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.16004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T23:50:07Z","timestamp":1733356207000},"page":"954-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sequence of formation and inheritance of meristic variation in the post\u2010cranial axial skeleton of <scp>Atlantic<\/scp> salmon (<i>Salmo salar<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Murugesan","family":"Sankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station  Matredal Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute  Kochi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W. K.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station  Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Nordvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony J.","family":"Prabhu Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Rem\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom J.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station  Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Eckhard","family":"Witten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Kryvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9237-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Gunnar","family":"Fjelldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station  Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blz002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Use of a discriminant function in the morphological separation of Asian and north American races of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)","author":"Amos M. H.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-2906.2008.01531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-017-1085-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.19-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-010-0268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-011-0390-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Differences in the number of vertebrae in naturally spawining salmon depending on the migration period","volume":"94","author":"Ando T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports of Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institutes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Barto\u0144 K.(2023).MuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference. R Package Version 1.47.5.https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/MuMIn\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Barton K.(2024).MuMIn: Multi\u2010Model Inference. R package version 1.48.4.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/packages=MuMIn"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z90-033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-12-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(81)90182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ede.12379"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Flatfishes interrelationships revisited based on anatomical characters","volume":"44","author":"Chanet B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cybium: Revue Internationale d'Ichtyologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2002)022[0487:VDITDS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.70266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.2012.01980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-020-00927-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.04.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400011863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/406492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2004.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-005-2196-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-003-0349-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao065121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-020-00878-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","unstructured":"Harrell J. F.(2022).Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R Package Version 4.7\u20131.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=Hmisc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z76-130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in marine biology","author":"Haug T.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/2019.51.5.1859.1867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Bias of the corrected AIC criterion for underfitted regression and time series models","volume":"78","author":"Hurvich C. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-011-9904-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1995082923040090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270100645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","unstructured":"Lenth R. V.(2021).Emmeans: Estimated marginal means aka least\u2010squares means. R Package Version 1.7.0.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.02.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z62-028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(08)60215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z72-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1996.10413603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.10076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Heritability of vertebral number in the coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch","volume":"47","author":"Nakajima M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EBFI.0000022905.72702.0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00164386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"The influence of temperature on the development of meristic characters of the skeleton in Salmonidae. Part II. Variation in dorsal and anal fin ray count correlated with temperature during development of Salmo irideus Gibb","volume":"13","author":"Orska J.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Zoologica Poloniae"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","unstructured":"Pinheiro J. Bates D. DebRoy S. Sarkar D. &R Core Team. (2022).Nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R Package Version 3.1\u2013155.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.4.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1107339"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"Osteological development of the snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Teleostei, Centropomidae)","volume":"52","author":"Potthoff T.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Egg and larval development of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum 1, 2","volume":"72","author":"Richards W. J.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Fishery Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Issue 33 of these Zoologicae series","author":"Sanford C. P.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z86-216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(95)01204-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1938.tb00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2011.03173.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Larval development of sargo (Anisotremus davidsonii) and salema (Xenistius californiensis) (Pisces: Haemulidae) from the Southern California bight","volume":"51","author":"Watson W.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.59.3.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao064237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315155975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2008.01181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(95)01117-X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.16004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T12:17:08Z","timestamp":1743337028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.16004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.16004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.16004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}