{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:33:08Z","timestamp":1792427588435,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    NOD\u2010like receptors are significant contributors to the immune response of fish against different types of pathogen invasion.\n                    <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes of yellow catfish (\n                    <jats:italic>Tachysurus fulvidraco<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were identified and characterized in this study. Yellow catfish NOD1 and NOD2 have open reading frames (ORFs) of 2841 and 2949\u2009bp, encoding 946 and 982 amino acids, respectively. Both NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular proteins lacking transmembrane regions and signal peptides. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the protein sequences of NOD1 and NOD2 of yellow catfish are highly similar to those of channel catfish. Both NOD1 and NOD2 showed high expression in the head kidney, and spleen. Following challenge with\n                    <jats:italic>Flavobacterium columnare<\/jats:italic>\n                    , NOD1 expression obviously increased in the liver, spleen, midgut, and hindgut, whereas NOD2 clearly increased in head kidney, and gut. Microscopic observation of gill tissues revealed evident epithelial hyperplasia in the secondary gill filaments at 3 and 6 hpi, with a notable decrease in the aspect ratio in comparison with the control group, followed by a return to baseline levels. These findings indicate a potential involvement of\n                    <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in defense against\n                    <jats:italic>F. columnare<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights into\n                    <jats:italic>NOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>NOD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    's functions in the innate immune response of yellow catfish and other fish species to bacterial infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.16060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:04:55Z","timestamp":1738109095000},"page":"1766-1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expression profiles of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>NOD1<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>NOD2<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and pathological changes in gills during\n                    <i>Flavobacterium columnare<\/i>\n                    infection in yellow catfish,\n                    <i>Tachysurus fulvidraco<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zechao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences  Wuhan 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