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In this study, we summarised gastric lavage studies on elasmobranchs to identify which species\/groups it has been effective for, the difficulties encountered and if post\u2010release survival has been evaluated. Secondly, we used a field study to (1) demonstrate how to perform gastric lavage on juvenile rays, (2) assess its effectiveness and (3) verify post\u2010release survival using mark\u2010recapture techniques. Only 23 published studies have used gastric lavage on either sharks or rays, indicating that this technique is still highly underutilised in ecological research. Effectiveness at obtaining stomach contents varied but often exceeded 50%, particularly for rays. Captivity studies provided greater evidence of survival than field studies, and only one field study assessed long\u2010term survival using tag\u2010recapture methods. In this field study, gastric lavage was highly effective for young juvenile rays, and recaptures verified survival for various periods after release. More research is needed to adapt gastric lavage across a wider range of species and sizes, especially larger sharks. Furthermore, incorporating approaches to validate survival following non\u2010lethal handling procedures will be essential to ensure ethical compliance and optimal outcomes for research and conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T01:46:15Z","timestamp":1741743975000},"page":"130-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Summarising 40\u2009years of gastric lavage studies to evaluate efficiency and survival in sharks and rays"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6957-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaelen","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University Townsville  Douglas Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Sheaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University Townsville  Douglas Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopixel Oceans Foundation  Smithfield Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Quantifying diets of wildlife and fish: Practical and applied methods","author":"Abrantes K.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1987.tb00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MF09030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Quantifying diets of wildlife and fish: Practical and applied methods","author":"Baker R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02755947.2014.902410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1656\/058.012.0305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13388-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2011.20000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps268245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Ontogenetic and site\u2010related trends in the diet of the Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae from the northeast Gulf of Mexico","volume":"78","author":"Bethea D. 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