{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T03:33:23Z","timestamp":1785036803606,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018228","name":"Ocean Acidification Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018228","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010latitude ecosystems are simultaneously warming and acidifying under ongoing climate change. Arctic cod (<jats:italic>Boreogadus saida<\/jats:italic>) are a key species in the Arctic Ocean and have demonstrated sensitivity to ocean warming and acidification as adults and embryos, but their larval sensitivity to the combined stressors is unknown. In a laboratory multi\u2010stressor experiment, larval Arctic cod were exposed to a combination of three temperatures (1.8, 5 and 7.3\u00b0C) and two carbon dioxide (pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) levels (ambient: 330 \u03bcatm, high: 1470 \u03bcatm) from hatching to 6\u2010weeks of growth. Mortality rates were highest at 7.3\u00b0C (5% day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); however, both growth and morphometric\u2010based condition were also highest at this temperature. When these metrics were assessed via a mortality: growth (M:G) ratio, 5\u00b0C appeared to be an optimal temperature for net population biomass, as faster growth at 7.3\u00b0C did not fully compensate for higher mortality. In contrast, although morphometric\u2010based condition was lowest at 1.8\u00b0C, lipid\u2010based condition was highest, which may reflect prioritization of lipid storage at cold temperatures. The capacity of larval Arctic cod to acclimate to a range of temperatures was exhibited by two lipid\u2010based indicators of membrane fluidity, including a ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and a ratio of polar lipids to sterols. The effects of elevated pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were subtle, as well as temperature\u2010 and metric dependent. When exposed to elevated pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels, Arctic cod at 1.8\u00b0C exhibited signs of lipid dysregulation, suggesting potential interference with membrane acclimation; larvae at 5\u00b0C were in lower morphometric\u2010based condition; and larvae at 7.3\u00b0C had higher activity eicosanoid substrates, indicating possible physiological stress. Overall, Arctic cod physiological response to temperature variation was more pronounced than their response to elevated pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Future projections of pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> effects on Arctic cod health in a warming ecosystem will need to consider the complexity of temperature\u2010dependence and the specificity of multiple physiological responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T06:54:56Z","timestamp":1749192896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Larval Arctic cod (<i>Boreogadus saida<\/i>) exhibit stronger developmental and physiological responses to temperature than to elevated <scp>pCO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Slesinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Copeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Laurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Beth R.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Iseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Stowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Marine and Ecosystem Resources Studies Oregon State University  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hatfield Marine Science Center  Newport Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07154","article-title":"Growth and condition indices in juvenile sole Solea solea measured to assess the quality of essential fish habitat","volume":"351","author":"Amara R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2016.09.005","article-title":"Increased activity of lysozyme and complement system in Atlantic halibut exposed to elevated CO2 at six different temperatures","volume":"122","author":"Bresolin de Souza K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00079.x","article-title":"Studying trophic ecology in marine ecosystems using fatty acids: A primer on analysis and interpretation","volume":"22","author":"Budge S. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Marine Mammal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"4871","article-title":"Arctic warming revealed by multiple CMIP6 models: Evaluation of historical simulations and quantification of future projection uncertainties","volume":"34","author":"Cai Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Meteorological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030355","article-title":"Omega\u20103 fatty acids and inflammatory processes","volume":"2","author":"Calder P. C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601478","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity","volume":"56","author":"Calder P. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.078162","article-title":"Impact of ocean acidification on metabolism and energetics during early life stages of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes","volume":"216","author":"Carter H. A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221283","article-title":"Combined effects of ocean acidification and temperature on larval and juvenile growth, development and swimming performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)","volume":"14","author":"Cominassi L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12040","article-title":"Temperature impacts on lipid allocation among juvenile gadid species at the Pacific Arctic\u2010boreal interface: An experimental laboratory approach","volume":"566","author":"Copeman L. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00849-3","article-title":"Effects of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids on the early growth, survival, lipid composition and pigmentaion of yellowtail founder (Limanda ferruginea): A live food enrichment experiment","volume":"210","author":"Copeman L. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2022.105180","article-title":"Annual and spatial variation in the condition and lipid storage of juvenile Chukchi Sea gadids during a recent period of environmental warming (2012 to 2019)","volume":"205","author":"Copeman L. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2022.105177","article-title":"The role of temperature on overwinter survival, condition metrics and lipid loss in juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida): A laboratory experiment","volume":"205","author":"Copeman L. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00619309","article-title":"Correlations between behavioral temperature adaptations of goldfish and the viscosity and fatty acid composition of their synaptic membranes","volume":"120","author":"Cossins A. R.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1139\/f82-057","article-title":"Ecological studies of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in Beaufort seas coastal waters, Alaska","volume":"39","author":"Craig P. C.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00120-9","article-title":"Growth, survival, and quality of juvenile walleye Stizostedion vitreum as influence by n\u20103 HUFA enriched Artemia nauplii","volume":"178","author":"Czesny S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aas8821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2020.104781","article-title":"Manifestation and consequences of warming and altered heat fluxes over the Bering and Chukchi Sea continental shelves","volume":"177","author":"Danielson S. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-015-1774-0","article-title":"Under\u2010ice distirubtion of polar cod Boreogadus saida in the central Arctic Ocean and their associaiton with sea\u2010ice habitat properties","volume":"39","author":"David C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-021-02940-2","article-title":"Seasonal abundance, distribution, and growth of the early life stages of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) in the US Arctic","volume":"44","author":"Deary A. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12397","article-title":"Upper thermal limits of cardiac function for Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, a key food web fish species in the Arctic Ocean","volume":"84","author":"Drost H. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12807","article-title":"Upper thermal limits of the hearts of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida: Adults compared with larvae","volume":"88","author":"Drost H. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"3114","article-title":"Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean","volume":"219","author":"Drost H. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48665-5","article-title":"Near\u2010future ocean acidification does not alter the lipid content and fatty acid composition of adult Antarctic krill","volume":"9","author":"Ericson J. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-017-1105-6","article-title":"Physiological implications of ocean acidification for marine fish: Emerging patterns and new insights","volume":"188","author":"Esbaugh A. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues","volume":"22","author":"Folch J.","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1139\/f89-235","article-title":"Triacylglycerol content as a condition index for fish, bivalve, and crustacean larvae","volume":"46","author":"Fraser A. J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"Gattuso J. Epitalon J. Lavigne H. &Orr J.(2023).Seacarb: Seawater carbonate chemistry. R package version 3.3.2.https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=seacarb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/elementa.2022.00097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic1234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.08.011","article-title":"Simulated climate change causes immune suppression and protein damage in the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus","volume":"33","author":"Hernroth B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2013.775458","article-title":"Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic and the Barents Sea","volume":"9","author":"Hop H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Marine Biology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0695-2","article-title":"Evidence suggests potential transformation of the Pacific Arctic ecosystem is underway","volume":"10","author":"Huntington H. P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Climate Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2007.01596.x","article-title":"Causes and consequences of winter mortality in fishes","volume":"71","author":"Hurst T. P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-021-03924-w","article-title":"Expanding evaluation of ocean acidification responses in a marine gadid: Elevated CO2 impacts development, but not size of larval walleye pollock","volume":"168","author":"Hurst T. P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2019.02.004","article-title":"Elevated CO2 alters behavior, growth, and lipid composition of Pacific cod larvae","volume":"145","author":"Hurst T. P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2022MS003563","article-title":"Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100","volume":"15","author":"Jiang L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy052","article-title":"Impacts of temperature and food availability on the condition of larval Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)","volume":"75","author":"Koenker B. L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"ICES Journal of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy062","article-title":"Effects of temperature and food availability on the survival and growth of larval Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)","volume":"75","author":"Koenker B. L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"ICES Journal of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.02.003","article-title":"Strong linkage of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) to sea ice algae\u2010produced carbon: Evidence from stomach content, fatty acid and stable isotope analyses","volume":"152","author":"Kohlbach D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Progress in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.184473","article-title":"Aerobic capacities and swimming performance of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) under ocean acidification and warming conditions","volume":"221","author":"Kunz K. L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-016-1932-z","article-title":"New encounters in Arctic waters: A comparison of metabolism and performance of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) under ocean acidification and warming","volume":"39","author":"Kunz K. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy042","article-title":"Comparative effects of temperature on rates of development and survival of eggs and yolk\u2010sac larvae of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)","volume":"75","author":"Laurel B. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"ICES Journal of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-015-1761-5","article-title":"Temperature\u2010dependent growth and behavior of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and co\u2010occurring North Pacific gadids","volume":"39","author":"Laurel B. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-019-02600-6","article-title":"Impact of ocean acidification and warming on mitochondrial enzymes and membrane lipids in two gadoid species","volume":"43","author":"Leo E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-017-0205-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial acclimation potential to ocean acidification and warming of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)","volume":"14","author":"Leo E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Zoology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-126","article-title":"Lipid class composition as a measure of nutritional condition in individual larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)","volume":"52","author":"Lochmann S. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.05.013","article-title":"Fish communities across a spectrum of habitats in the western Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea","volume":"136","author":"Logerwell E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2020.104784","article-title":"The effect of oceanographic variability on the distribution of larval fishes of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas","volume":"177","author":"Logerwell E. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","volume-title":"The chemical biology of fishes","author":"Love R. M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1139\/F08-135","article-title":"Comparison of three microquantity techniques for measuring total lipids in fish","volume":"65","author":"Lu Y. H.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-019-02575-4","article-title":"Influences of temperature, predators, and competitors on polar cod (Boreogadus saida) at the southern margin of their distribution","volume":"43","author":"Marsh J. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","unstructured":"Matarese A. C. Kendall A. W. J. Blood D. M. &Vinter B. M.(1989).Laboratory guide to early life history stages of northeast Pacific fishes. NOAA Technical Report. NMFS 80: 189\u2013199."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL048884","article-title":"The role of ocean acidification in systemic carbonate mineral suppression in the Bering Sea","volume":"38","author":"Mathis J. T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-6-2313-2009","article-title":"Physiological basis of high CO2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: Pre\u2010adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny?","volume":"6","author":"Melzner F.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1139\/f88-197","article-title":"Larval size and recruitment mechanisms in fishes: Toward a conceptual framework","volume":"45","author":"Miller T. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12179","article-title":"Egg yolk nutritional constituents as indicators of egg quality in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)","volume":"46","author":"Mommens M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.03.004","article-title":"Seasonal baseline levels of physiological and biochemical parameters in polar cod (Boreogadus saida): Implications for environmental monitoring","volume":"60","author":"Nahrgang J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/19.9.1235","article-title":"On the determination of zooplankton lipid content and the occurrence of gelatinous copepods","volume":"19","author":"Ohman M. D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Plankton Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1139\/f87-087","article-title":"Separation of aquatic lipid classes by chromarod thin\u2010layer chromatography with measurement by Iatroscan flame ionization detection","volume":"44","author":"Parrish C. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","article-title":"Lipids in marine ecosystems","volume":"1","author":"Parrish C. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"The Handbook of Environmental Chemisty Vol. 5 Part D Marine Chemistry","author":"Parrish C. C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsu201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2022.105055","article-title":"Dynamically downscaled projections of ocean acidification for the Bering Sea","volume":"198","author":"Pilcher D. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Some data on the distribution and migrations of polar cod in the seas of the soviet Arctic","volume":"158","author":"Ponomarenko V. P.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Rapports et Proces\u2010Verbaux Des R\u00e9unions. Conseil International Pour L'\u00e9xploration de la Mer"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[1040:EASIYF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Energy allocation strategy in young fish: Allometry and survival","volume":"82","author":"Post J. R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo0383","article-title":"Climate change drives rapid decadal acidification in the Arctic ocean from 1994 to 2020","volume":"377","author":"Qi D.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023).R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria.https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.559","article-title":"Evaluation of quantitative importance of egg lipids and fatty acids during embryos and larvae development in marine pelagophil teleosts: With an emphasis on Dentex dentex","volume":"311","author":"Samaee S. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12130","article-title":"Impact of ocean warming and acidification on the behaviour of two co\u2010occurring gadid species, Boreogadus saida and Gadus morhua, from Svalbard","volume":"571","author":"Schmidt M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marine Ecology Progress Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2307\/1352370","article-title":"Temperature effects on the timing of striped bass egg production, larval variability, and recruitment potential in the Patuxent River (Chesapeake Bay)","volume":"18","author":"Secor D. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-017-0939-x","article-title":"Adaptations of archaeal and bacterial membranes to variations in temperature, pH and pressure","volume":"21","author":"Siliakus M. F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.2.522","article-title":"Homeoviscous adaptation \u2010 a homeostatic process that regulates the viscosity of membrane lipids in Escherichia coli","volume":"71","author":"Sinensky M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proceedings of Natural Acadamy of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-024-04439-w","article-title":"The combined effects of ocean warming and ocean acidificaiton on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) early life stages","volume":"171","author":"Slesinger E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2012.04.003","article-title":"Energy homeostasis as an integrative tool for assessing limits of environmental stress tolerance in aquatic invertebrates","volume":"79","author":"Sokolova I. M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","article-title":"Molecular indicators of warming and other climate stressors in larval Pacific cod","author":"Spencer L.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2307\/1541865","article-title":"Physiological roles of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in invertebrates","volume":"173","author":"Stanley\u2010Samuelson D. W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00179","article-title":"Impacts of the changing ocean\u2010sea ice system on the key forage fish Arctic cod (Boreogadus Saida) and subsistence fisheries in the Western Canadian Arctic\u2014Evaluating linked climate, ecosystem and economic (CEE) models","volume":"6","author":"Steiner N. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv194","article-title":"Biochemical responses to ocean acidification contrast between tropical corals with high and low abundances at volcanic carbon dioxide seeps","volume":"73","author":"Strahl J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"ICES Journal of Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","unstructured":"Suprenand P. M. Ainsworth C. H. &Hoover C.(2018).Ecosystem Model of the entire Beaufort Sea SeaMarine Ecosystem: a temporal tool for assessing food\u2010web structrure and marine animal poulations from 1970 to 2014. Marine Science Faculty Publications. 261. Available online at:https:\/\/scholarcommons.usf.edu\/msc_facpub\/261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1998.tb00730.x","article-title":"Bigger? Fatter? Or is faster growth better? Considerations on condition in larval and juvenile coral\u2010reef fish","volume":"23","author":"Suthers I. M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12633","article-title":"The mortality\/growth ratio of larval fish and the slope of the zooplankton size\u2010spectrum","volume":"23","author":"Suthers I. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish and Fisheries"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10641269709388592","article-title":"Essential fatty acid requirements of aquatic animals with emphasis on fish larvae and fingerlings","volume":"5","author":"Takeuchi T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reviews in Fisheries Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-18-2221-2021","article-title":"Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st centruty co\u2010driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble","volume":"18","author":"Terhaar J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.597899","article-title":"Ocean acidification and ocean warming effects on Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) early life stages","volume":"7","author":"Villalobos C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.05.056","article-title":"A database of chromatographic properties and mass spectra of fatty acid methyl esters from omega\u20103 products","volume":"1299","author":"Wasta Z.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2014.07.004","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cthe free proton concentration scale for sea water pH\u201d, [MARCHE: 149(2013) 8\u201022]","volume":"165","author":"Waters J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Marine Chemistry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T06:55:11Z","timestamp":1749192911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.70082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.70082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.70082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jfb.70082"}}