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However, the mechanisms of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection in largemouth bass remain poorly understood. Based on the results of extracellular enzyme activity detection, it was speculated that the production of extracellular enzymes may be related to bacterial pathogenicity. To elucidate the immune response mechanism, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on spleen tissues from largemouth bass infected with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Following quality filtering, the control group generated 44.04 million clean reads, while the infected group produced 44.32 million clean reads. A total of 385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 224 up\u2010regulated and 161 down\u2010regulated unigenes. Classification using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases further elucidated the biological functions and signalling pathways of the DEGs. Significantly impacted pathways included \u2018Galactose metabolism\u2019, \u2018 Pyrimidine metabolism\u2019, \u2018 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism\u2019, \u2018Ubiquitin\u2010mediated proteolysis\u2019, \u2018Endocytosis\u2019, \u2018Phagosome\u2019 and \u2018SNARE interactions in vesicular transport\u2019, underscoring their roles in metabolic and immune\u2010related signalling. Eight DEGs were chosen and validated for their expression levels via real\u2010time quantitative PCR. This study offered molecular insights into the host defence mechanisms against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection, contributing to the formulation of disease prevention and control strategies for largemouth bass aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T03:25:36Z","timestamp":1757301936000},"page":"2077-2091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcriptomic analysis of immune and metabolic responses in largemouth bass (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Micropterus salmoides<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) challenged with\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University  Yangzhou 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