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This study aimed to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on micronucleus levels in erythrocytes and whole\u2010body antioxidant parameters of carp (\n                    <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) fry. Fish were exposed to immersion in two different doses of ibuprofen concentrations (50 and 250\u2009\u03bcg\/L) for 24, 48, 72 and 96\u2009h and 14\u2009days. No mortalities occurred in any group during the test. Abnormal behaviours such as irregular swimming, loss of balance and hanging vertically in the water were observed in some fish exposed to acute toxicity. In this study, a significant increase in the micronucleus number of red blood cells was observed throughout the study period (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Antioxidant parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. Results obtained showed that ibuprofen significantly increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione S\u2010transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities, but decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) the glutathione (GSH) levels of whole\u2010body carp fry in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Furthermore, ibuprofen significantly increased MDA, GST and CAT levels, but increased the GSH levels of whole\u2010body carp fry in a time\u2010dependent manner. These results indicate that carp fry is sensible to human pharmaceutical agents in aquatic environments. The manner and the constructed interactions between ibuprofen and two protein targets (immunoglobin and haemoglobin) were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicated that ibuprofen could affect the haemoglobin activity. Finally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis was performed to examine the drug potential of the studied molecules.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T03:40:18Z","timestamp":1760499618000},"page":"502-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Change of micronucleus frequencies, antioxidant parameters and in silico in carp (\n                    <i>Cyprinus carpio<\/i>\n                    ) fry exposed to ibuprofen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Muammer","family":"Kirici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Health, Food Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School Bing\u00f6l University  Bing\u00f6l Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0420-2043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas Sivas Cumhuriyet University  Sivas Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammet Enis","family":"Yonar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries Faculty F\u0131rat University  Elaz\u0131\u011f Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Poustforoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serpil","family":"Mi\u015fe Yonar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries Faculty F\u0131rat University  Elaz\u0131\u011f Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engin","family":"\u015eeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Health, Pertek Vocational School Munzur University  Tunceli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dcnal","family":"\u0130spir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries, Agriculture Faculty Malatya Turgut \u00d6zal University  Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Methods in enzymology","author":"Aebi H.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480545.2014.974108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(95)90078-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"606","article-title":"Micronucleus test in fish genome: A sensitive monitor for aquatic pollution","volume":"7","author":"Ali F. 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