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Experimental fish with a body weight of 13.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u2009g were exposed to ammonium chloride solutions at 0 (G1), 5.45 (G2) and 10.89\u2009mg\/L (G3), respectively, for 72\u2009h. The fish were moved to aerated tap water to conduct the recovery experiment after ammonia stress. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups and fed three experimental diets containing 0, 0.6 or 1.2\u2009g\/kg\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA for another 72\u2009h. Intestinal samples after ammonia exposure and recovery were collected to analyse digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, histology and inflammation\u2010related gene expression. The results showed that compared with the control group, lipase, Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010GT and CK activities were significantly decreased at the 12th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hours under ammonia exposure (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Protease and amylase activities in stress groups also declined at the 24th, 48th and 72nd hours under ammonia exposure (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Meanwhile,\n                    <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1, NF\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA levels significantly increased as ammonia concentrations increased at the same\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA level (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, protease, lipase, amylase, Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010GT and CK activities in G2 and G3 exhibited an upward trend with prolonged\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA recovery. Diets supplemented with 0.6 and 1.2\u2009g\/kg\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA increased the intestinal villus height and width in G2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), decreased\n                    <jats:italic>NF\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>IL\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression levels in G3 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, the intestinal digestive and absorptive enzyme activities were positively correlated with dietary\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA levels. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010LA restored the intestinal digestive and absorptive function and protected the intestine against ammonia\u2010induced stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T13:42:08Z","timestamp":1779370928000},"page":"1176-1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short\u2010term recovery of alpha\u2010lipoic acid on the intestine of\n                    <i>Megalobrama amblycephala<\/i>\n                    after ammonia stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural college Huaiyin Institute of Technology  Huai'an 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