{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:01:04Z","timestamp":1790244064749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immunosenescence, a hallmark of aging, increases susceptibility to microbial infections and chronic inflammation. Here, we explored age\u2010related innate immune alterations and the anti\u2010aging potential of \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan using the short\u2010lived annual fish\n                    <jats:italic>Nothobranchius guentheri<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A comparison of 6\u2010month\u2010old (adult) and 9\u2010month\u2010old (aged) male fish revealed that aging downregulated key innate immune genes (\n                    <jats:italic>bf<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>lysozyme<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mbl1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mbl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>nk\u2010lysin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010defensin<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) while upregulating pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (\n                    <jats:italic>interferon\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tnf\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the spleen, head kidney and liver. Aged fish were also much more susceptible to\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, pointing to the occurrence of immunosenescence and inflammaging. Given this deteriorated immune status in aged fish, we next investigated whether \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan could alleviate age\u2010associated immune dysfunction and resist bacterial pathogen invasion. The data demonstrated that \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan pretreatment significantly improved the survival rate of aged fish (53.00%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33% vs. 33.00%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33% in controls) and reduced bacterial loads in immune tissues. Mechanistically, \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan enhanced infection\u2010induced expression of complement, mannan\u2010binding lectin pathway and antimicrobial peptide genes, while suppressing excessive pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine production in a time\u2010dependent (6\u201324\u2009h post\u2010infection) manner. Collectively, our results demonstrate that \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan mitigates immunosenescence in aged\n                    <jats:italic>N. guentheri<\/jats:italic>\n                    by balancing antimicrobial defence and inflammatory responses, highlighting its potential as a nutritional intervention for enhancing innate immunity and combating age\u2010related infection susceptibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T01:32:12Z","timestamp":1781832732000},"page":"1592-1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b2\u20101,3\u2010Glucan mediates innate immunity and anti\u2010aging effects in aged male\n                    <i>Nothobranchius guentheri<\/i>\n                    and protects against\n                    <i>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4217-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University  Zhangjiakou China"},{"name":"Institute of Evolution &amp; Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University  Zhangjiakou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JinPing","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University  Zhangjiakou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University  Zhangjiakou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University  Zhangjiakou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1935.tb07713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51620-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(83)90048-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2006.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01576-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2024.105286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Development of the thymus and kidney and effects of resveratrol on their aging in a short\u2010lived fish","volume":"2023","author":"Hou Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.05.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-021-09948-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-012-9395-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2014.1618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.08.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(79)90003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(79)90030-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(72)90007-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(73)90016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(76)90030-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunosenescence: Impact in the young as well as the old?","volume":"108","author":"Pawelec G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3169.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.2.464S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2019.2223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-022-01102-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-022-09955-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.110035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.5.10.2739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2014.1581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-017-9699-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01130-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.10.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550500376166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-018-09789-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2012.04.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70546","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfb.70546","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:04:53Z","timestamp":1790240693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.70546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.70546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.70546","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}