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Traditionally, genetic analysis of mating systems includes the genotyping of putative parents to determine parentage. However, for cryptic or migratory species, and those with large populations, comprehensive sampling of adults is often not feasible. One underutilised alternative is to reconstruct parental genotypes from sibling relationships (i.e., sibship). We develop a generalisable sibship workflow for delineating types of first\u2010 and second\u2010 order kinship classifications in medium\u2010\/low\u2010density SNP marker datasets and apply it to investigate the mating systems of the iconic Australian freshwater fish, Murray cod (\n                    <jats:italic>Maccullochella peelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) using larvae collected over five breeding seasons and three breeding locations. We explored the relative occurrences of monogamous and polygamous pairings within and across breeding seasons along with larval dispersal patterns, and connectivity among breeding locations. Whilst monogamy was the most common mating strategy identified within each breeding season, only a single instance of multi\u2010year pair\u2010bonding was detected. Across seasons, 18% of putative adults were redetected and bred with a new partner, and within\u2010season polygynandry was detected in all three study reaches. Larval kin were found up to 71\u2009km apart over only a few weeks of sampling and kin pairs were detected across two of the breeding locations (120\u2013150\u2009km apart) over seasons. Relatively high rates of polygynandry in wild Murray cod may promote the maintenance of genetic diversity and reduce vulnerability to recruitment disruptions in a climatically variable river system. Our study provides a valuable case study demonstrating that sibship analysis can provide insights into mating systems and dispersal potential of species where sampling adults is logistically difficult compared with collecting offspring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:19:55Z","timestamp":1785323995000},"page":"2179-2193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic sibship and parental reconstruction shed light on the mating systems and larval dispersal of an iconic Australian freshwater fish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3058-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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