{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1789466494802,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007382","name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anaesthetic management plays a crucial role in maintaining the welfare and physiological stability of fish during routine aquaculture and research procedures. The essential oil of\n                    <jats:italic>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ROEO) has emerged as a promising natural anaesthetic; however, its cardiophysiological effects in Amazonian species remain underexplored. This study assessed the behavioural, electrocardiographic and respiratory responses of\n                    <jats:italic>Colossoma macropomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (tambaqui) exposed to ROEO, aiming to define safe and effective concentrations as a natural anaesthetic agent in a Neotropical teleost species. Juvenile tambaqui were exposed to immersion baths containing 90.60\u2013181.20\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ROEO for 5\u2009min. Behavioural endpoints (latency to loss and recovery of postural reflex), electrocardiographic parameters (heart rate, QRS amplitude, R\u2013R, P\u2013Q and Q\u2013T intervals) and opercular frequency were monitored. The oil composition was determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analyses were performed using one\u2010way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). ROEO produced a clear dose\u2010dependent anaesthetic response, characterized by faster induction and prolonged recovery times at higher concentrations. Cardiac monitoring revealed reversible bradycardia (up to \u221256%), elongation of R\u2013R and Q\u2013T intervals and a slight reduction in QRS amplitude without arrhythmias. Opercular frequency decreased by up to 38% at 181.20\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , indicating moderate respiratory depression. All effects were reversible within the recovery period. Eucalyptol (47.5%), camphor (19.3%) and \u03b1\u2010pinene (12.2%) were the main phytoconstituents identified.\n                    <jats:italic>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil provides a safe, reversible and concentration\u2010dependent anaesthetic effect in\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u2009macropomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , maintaining sinus rhythm and physiological recovery. These results highlight ROEO as a biodegradable, low\u2010toxicity and effective alternative to synthetic anaesthetics, reinforcing its applicability for sustainable and welfare\u2010oriented aquaculture practices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:35:13Z","timestamp":1789461313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/i>\n                    essential oil components promote anaesthesia in\n                    <i>Colossoma macropomum<\/i>\n                    (Cuvier, 1818) through behavioural and cardiorespiratory modulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Lorena Cristina Nunes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0189-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axell","family":"Lins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4281-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniella Bastos","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Klara Otake","family":"Hamoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9323-3413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Victor","family":"dos Santos Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Vasconcelos","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Farias","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8771-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Eiro","family":"Quirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6125-5558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilton Akio","family":"Muto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from the Amazon ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2931-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Hamoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products ICB\u2010UFPA  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7isp3.23-26.3128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9110339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2017-0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.734999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20176346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11091355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2020.1839432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet-1809-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25081884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2358-2936e2022035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Krasteva V. Yankova M. &Ivanova A.(2021).Anesthetic effect of rosemary essential oil (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) and its use for transport of common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) stocking material. Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture Reports Plovdiv Bulgaria."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y02-142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030680"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1079\/9781800629431.0013","volume-title":"Zebrafish: A practical guide to husbandry, welfare and research methodology","author":"Mocho J. P.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119259886.ch10","volume-title":"Clinical guide to fish medicine","author":"Neiffer D. L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677221998403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32707\/ercivet.828319"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.55779\/nsb16111756","article-title":"Chemical profiling and in\u2010vitro antioxidant, anti\u2010diabetic, anti\u2010inflammatory, anti\u2010bacterial and anti\u2010fungal activities of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L","volume":"16","author":"Sharma A. D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.12.054"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70648","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jfb.70648","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jfb.70648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:35:19Z","timestamp":1789461319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jfb.70648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jfb.70648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.70648","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1112","1095-8649"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1112","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8649","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jfb.70648"}}