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This study provides a sex\u2010specific assessment of its reproductive traits, size at maturity and energetic dynamics in the Gulf of California by integrating biometric indicators (adult sex ratio, TL\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), somatic indices (hepatosomatic index, HSI; visceral fat index, VFI; gonadosomatic index, GSI) and histological analyses of gonadal development stages (GDS). Monthly sampling over one year revealed a female\u2010biased adult sex ratio and a larger size at maturity (TL\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200935.1 cm) than males (TL\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200933.3 cm). Reproductive investment, as measured by GSI, showed a relay\u2010like asynchronous alternation between sexes. Histologically mature males exhibited the highest GSI values (around 3.4%) from August to October, exceeding those of females. Conversely, from November through July, both sexes remained histologically mature at GSI values below 1%, with females dominating during this period. The relative gonadal expenditure between sexes (RGES: logarithm of the ratio males\u2010to\u2010females GSIs) confirmed that each sex contributed differentially to reproduction across the annual cycle, complemented by energetic strategies where females showed higher HSI and VFI than males. Sex\u2010specific correlations between somatic indices and GSI suggested divergent physiological pathways between sexes. Histological GDS analyses revealed in males two to four stages per month, whereas females exhibited between one to three stages. Melanomacrophages increased during regressing and regenerating stages, with sex\u2010specific peaks associated with tissue turnover and post\u2010spawning recovery. Together, these sex\u2010specific strategies indicated that reproductive investment in\n                    <jats:italic>P. laticlavius<\/jats:italic>\n                    is driven by differences in physiological demands and timing, shaping the annual reproductive dynamics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T04:41:36Z","timestamp":1790570496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reproductive traits, sex\u2010specific reproductive investment and gonadal dynamics in a spawning surgeonfish"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9556-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando A.","family":"Aguilar\u2010Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) Instituto Politecnico Nacional  La Paz Baja California Sur Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4736-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Schmitter\u2010Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR)  Chetumal Quintana Roo Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9344-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcial","family":"Arellano\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) Instituto Politecnico Nacional  La Paz Baja California Sur Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4411-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar Hernando","family":"Avila\u2010Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico Secretaria de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SECIHTI)  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (FACIMAR) Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (UAS)  Mazatlan Sinaloa Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07924259.2018.1514670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-469230-5.50011-8","volume-title":"Fish immunology","author":"Agius C.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22370\/rbmo.2022.57.1.3366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:2008059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-024-05650-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eyag008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-007-0729-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/698655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002531542100093X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-023-09773-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3546846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19425120.2011.555724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2010.02569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10228-014-0393-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(82)90088-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0224-20130101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","volume-title":"Systemic pathology of fish: A text and atlas of comparative tissue responses in diseases of teleosts","author":"Ferguson H. 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