{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:55:09Z","timestamp":1790574909075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The largemouth bass (\n                    <jats:italic>Micropterus salmoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    [Lacep\u00e8de, 1802]) is a commercially important aquaculture species, but its production is severely threatened by largemouth bass virus (LMBV), necessitating the development of effective antiviral strategies. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural polyphenol compound, exhibits broad biological activities, but its effect on LMBV infection remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of CGA on LMBV infection using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Using LMBV\u2010permissive fathead minnow (FHM) cells as an established in vitro infection model, we found that CGA reduced the transcription and protein expression of the LMBV major capsid protein (MCP). CGA treatment reduced the transcript levels of inflammation\u2010related genes IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, both pre and post viral infection. CGA increased the expression of antioxidant\u2010related genes such as Nrf2, SOD, CAT and GPx while decreasing Keap\u20101 expression. Western blot analysis further confirmed that CGA suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38. In vivo, largemouth bass were fed diets supplemented with 0 (NC), 200 (L200), 400 (L400) and 600 (L600) mg\/kg CGA for 8\u2009weeks. CGA treatment improved growth performance, decreased hepatic MDA levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, including CAT, SOD and GPx. The CGA\u2010supplemented groups exhibited lower transcript levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2, alongside elevated expression of anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2, compared to the NC group. CGA supplementation notably elevated the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, CAT, SOD and GPx while reducing the mRNA expression level of Keap\u20101. Dietary CGA supplementation significantly improved survival rates in LMBV\u2010challenged largemouth bass and inhibited LMBV\u2010MCP transcription in the liver, spleen and head kidney. In summary, CGA demonstrates notable anti\u2010LMBV activity in both in vitro and in vivo settings. These effects were accompanied by changes in Mitogen\u2010Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)\u2010associated proteins and inflammatory\u2010 and antioxidant\u2010related responses. Therefore, CGA represents a promising candidate for development as a dietary supplement to control LMBV infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1790571686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against largemouth bass virus (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Micropterus salmoides<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Ruixian","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dekun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1703-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute  Tianjin People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-6363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Nansha\u2010South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Nansha\u2010South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Kingkey Smart Agri Technology Co., Ltd  Dongguan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8687-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shina","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Nansha\u2010South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: Mediators and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Back M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666191021111809","article-title":"Pharmacologic overview of chlorogenic acid and its metabolites in chronic pain and inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Bagdas D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.05.005","article-title":"IL\u20101 family members in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic disease: Focus on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"75","author":"Ballak D. 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