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The loss of vision has driven the adaptive evolution of sensory systems in the cave morph. Studies of the gustatory system have mainly focused on the morphology and distribution of taste buds, but the functional aspects of this system remain unknown. In the present study, oral taste preferences of the cave morph of\n                    <jats:italic>A. mexicanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified for the first time. Using a behavioural assay, it was found that more than half of the 21 proteinogenic L\u2010amino acids and more than one\u2010third of the 18 organic acids, as well as nearly all of the four basic taste substances, were either indifferent or repulsive. These findings are not consistent with expectations based on the opportunistic feeding mode of the cave morph. In addition, the threshold concentration of the most palatable substance, maleic acid, is within the range commonly found in epigean fish species. In summary, there is no evidence to suggest that compensatory improvement in oral taste perception has occurred in the cave morph. A single grasp is often sufficient for the cave morph to swallow or irreversibly reject an offered pellet. The relatively long retention time, especially for palatable pellets, is another characteristic of food\u2010handling behaviour. Before swallowing, the cave morph retains pellets for up to eight to nine times longer, regardless of their taste quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:34:59Z","timestamp":1790400899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral taste preferences and food\u2010handling behaviour in the cave morph of Mexican tetra\n                    <i>Astyanax mexicanus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4931-8787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kasumyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, MSU  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mikhailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, MSU  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6584-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vinogradskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ichthyology, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, MSU  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Fish behaviour and its use in the capture and culture of fishes","author":"Atema J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2346101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2023.1177532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06635-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2041-9139-4-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d12100395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.92861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/P.206631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6357(85)90017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036312","volume-title":"Ascorbic acid in aquatic organisms: Status and perspectives","author":"Dabrowski K.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0032945218010046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211796429736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/f97-172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/subtbiol.21.11046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-007-0276-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-018-1156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.141291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802148-4.00017-7","volume-title":"Biology and evolution of the Mexican cavefish","author":"Hinaux H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-7568-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The first known blind fish of the family Characidae: A new genus from Mexico","volume":"342","author":"Hubbs C. 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