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Advances in DNA sequencing and improved computational power have generated extensive genetic and genomic data on the spatio\u2010temporal dynamics and resolution of marine fish populations. Here, we clarify terminology employed to designate fishery units and highlight the benefits of alignment between assessment units and biological processes. Our systematic review synthesises four decades of population genetic and genomic data in major North\u2010East Atlantic commercial fishes, appraising mismatches between genetic and assessment units. We confirm the progressive increase of genetic data, also indicating an increased detection of genetic population structure. Patterns of small\u2010scale temporal and spatial differentiation yield demonstrable tools for elucidating the integrity and dynamics of assessment units, including in mixed\u2010stock fisheries. Atlantic cod (\n                    <jats:italic>Gadus morhua<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and herring (\n                    <jats:italic>Clupea harengus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) remain extensively researched (46% of the reviewed studies). We found that genetics is informing realignment of stock boundaries, with increased incidence of alignment between genetic and assessment units, though mismatches persist for many stocks. Moreover, several species and fisheries lack genetic data. With reduced costs of molecular analysis and implementation of real\u2010time applications, we anticipate increased re\u2010evaluation of stock boundaries and monitoring of complex population structure, providing baseline genetic tools for management of mixed\u2010stock fisheries and inclusion of genomic data in stock assessment models. Generating reference genetic databases of populations will also facilitate studies on distributional range shifts in marine fishes, supported by increasingly precise predictive forecasting in a changing world.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:31:29Z","timestamp":1792071089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mismatches between genetic and assessment units in commercial fish species: A systematic review in the North\u2010East Atlantic"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6720-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Maggini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales Bangor University  Bangor UK"},{"name":"Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark  Silkeborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6589-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S. T.","family":"Papadopulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Jardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA)  Alg\u00e9s Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jann T.","family":"Martinsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D \u2013 Sustainable Resources, Unit D2 \u2013 Ocean and Water  Ispra Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7009-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Einar E.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark  Silkeborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary R.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Ecology and Evolution Bangor, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021122-102933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1014361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.04864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsac223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsu247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/13836_2019_66","volume-title":"Population genomics: Marine organisms","author":"Benestan L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaa046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2017.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsaa203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00657-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2019.105397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2023.106650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397003-9.00001-1","volume-title":"Stock identification methods: Applications in fishery science","author":"Cadrin S. 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