{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1788005740480,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004952","name":"Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004952","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Atlantic Innovation Fund and partners"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair in Aquatic Epidemiology"},{"name":"Cooke Aquaculture"},{"name":"Northern Harvest Sea Farms and Admiral Fish Farms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ew <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>runswick, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anada, the sea louse, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>epeophtheirus salmonis,<\/jats:italic> poses an on\u2010going management challenge to the health and productivity of commercially cultured <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>almo salar<\/jats:italic>. While the in\u2010feed medication, emamectin benzoate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLICE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>erck), has been highly effective for many years, evidence of increased tolerance has been observed in the field since late 2008. Although bioassays on motile stages are a common tool to monitor sea lice sensitivity to emamectin benzoate in field\u2010collected sea lice, they require the collection of large numbers of sea lice due to inherent natural variability in the gender and stage response to chemotherapeutants. In addition, sensitive instruments such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> analysis may be unnecessarily complex to characterize susceptibility subsequent to a significant observed decline in efficacy. This study proposes an adaptation of the traditional, dose\u2013response format bioassay to a fixed\u2010dose method. Analysis of 657 bioassays on preadult and adult stages of sea lice over the period 2008\u20132011 indicated a population of sea lice in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ew <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>runswick with varying degrees of susceptibility to emamectin benzoate. A seasonal and spatial effect was observed in the robustness of genders and stages of sea lice, which suggest that mixing different genders and stages of lice within a single bioassay may result in pertinent information being overlooked. Poor survival of adult female lice in bioassays, particularly during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>une, indicates it may be prudent to consider excluding this stage from bioassays conducted at certain times of the year. This work demonstrates that fixed\u2010dose bioassays can be a valuable technique in detecting reduced sensitivity in sea lice populations with varying degrees of susceptibility to emamectin benzoate treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T04:50:55Z","timestamp":1357879855000},"page":"283-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A fixed\u2010dose approach to conducting emamectin benzoate tolerance assessments on field\u2010collected sea lice, <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"S K","family":"Whyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health 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