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However, reduced efficacy of many treatments and need for integrated sea lice management plans require innovative strategies. Resistance to emamectin benzoate (EMB), a major sea lice parasiticide, has been linked with P\u2010glycoprotein (P\u2010gp) expression. We hypothesized that host immunostimulation would complement EMB treatment outcome.\n                    <jats:italic>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected Atlantic salmon were fed immunostimulatory or control feeds. Sea lice were collected for 24\u2010h EMB bioassays 1 and 2\u00a0weeks prior to commencement of EMB treatment of the fish. Two weeks after cessation of immunostimulant\u2010treated feed, EMB was administered at 150\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    fish biomass for 7\u00a0days. The bioassay revealed stage, gender and immunostimulant\u2010related differences in EMB EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Sea lice attached to salmon with a history of immunostimulation exhibited significantly greater survival than those on control feeds, despite similar levels of EMB in host tissues.\n                    <jats:italic>Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/jats:italic>\n                    from salmon with a history of immunostimulation also exhibited higher P\u2010gp\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    expression as well as greater survivability compared to controls. Administration of immunostimulants prior to EMB treatment caused increased expression of P\u2010gp\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    which could have consequently caused decreased efficacy of the parasiticide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T23:51:25Z","timestamp":1357861885000},"page":"339-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immunostimulation of\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>S<\/scp>\n                      almo salar\n                    <\/i>\n                    L., and its effect on\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>L<\/scp>\n                      epeophtheirus salmonis\n                    <\/i>\n                    (Kr\u00f8yer)\n                    <scp>P<\/scp>\n                    \u2010glycoprotein\n                    <scp>mRNA<\/scp>\n                    expression following subsequent emamectin benzoate exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"O O","family":"Igboeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"},{"name":"Hoplite Research Group, Department of Pathology &amp; Microbiology Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Group, Department of Pathology &amp; Microbiology Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Wotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Group, Department of Pathology &amp; Microbiology Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Poley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Group, Department of Pathology &amp; Microbiology Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J F","family":"Burka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M D","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoplite Research Group, Department of Pathology &amp; Microbiology Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown PE Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2005.00636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938062.0350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"CovelloJ.M. 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