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In this study, we have examined the presence of abnormal pigmentation in vaccinated versus unvaccinated Atlantic salmon, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>almo salar <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>., and evaluated possible differences between diploid and triploid fish. Furthermore, the impact of the smolt production regime at ambient (4.5\u00a0\u00b0C) versus elevated temperature (16\u00a0\u00b0C) was investigated. Pigmented muscle spots were analysed for the expression of genes involved in melanization (tyrosinase gene family) and immune\u2010related response in addition to morphological investigations. The proportion of fish with intramuscular melanin deposits was not significantly different between vaccinated and unvaccinated fish, regardless of ploidy. However, an interaction between vaccination and smolt regime was shown, where smoltification at elevated temperature after vaccination increased the number of affected individuals compared with vaccination followed by simulated natural smoltification. Furthermore, there were overall more fish with melanin spots amongst the triploids compared with their diploid counterparts. Transcription of the tyrosinase gene family confirmed an onsite melanogenesis in all pigment spots. The histological examination and the expression of the immune\u2010related genes revealed a chronic polyphasic myopathy that was not affected by vaccination, ploidy or smolt production regime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T04:54:44Z","timestamp":1367816084000},"page":"327-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The effect of vaccination, ploidy and smolt production regime on pathological melanin depositions in muscle tissue of <scp>A<\/scp>tlantic salmon, <i><scp>S<\/scp>almo salar <\/i><scp>L<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"H A S","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine Section of Anatomy and Pathology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Austb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine Section of Genetics, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"N\u00f8dtvedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T W K","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Rimstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology Section of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P G","family":"Fjelldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Matre Research Station Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research Matre Research Station Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E O","family":"Koppang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine Section of Anatomy and Pathology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Bancroft J.D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641269991319162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01875483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"BergA. 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