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However, little is known about how different culture practices and sex affect heart morphology. This study investigated how vaccination, triploidy and sex affected heart size and heart morphology (ventricle shape, angle of the bulbus arteriosus) in farmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon for 18\u00a0months following vaccination (from <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. 50\u20133000\u00a0g body weight). In addition, hearts were examined histologically after 7\u00a0months in sea water. All fish sampled were sexually immature. Vaccinated fish had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight and a more triangular ventricle than unvaccinated fish, suggesting a greater cardiac workload. Irrespective of time, triploids had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight, a more acute angle of the bulbus arteriosus and less fat deposition in the epicardium than diploids. The ventricle was also more triangular in triploids than diploids at seawater transfer. Sex had transient effects on the angle of the bulbus arteriosus, but no effect on relative heart weight or ventricle shape. From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T12:36:59Z","timestamp":1389789419000},"page":"151-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Vaccination and triploidy increase relative heart weight in farmed <scp>A<\/scp>tlantic salmon, <i><scp>S<\/scp>almo salar <\/i><scp>L<\/scp>."],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"T W K","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences 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