{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:51:33Z","timestamp":1780095093453,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beginning in 1992, three epidemic waves of infectious hematopoietic necrosis, often with high mortality, occurred in farmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>almo salar <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>. on the west coast of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>merica. We compared the virulence of eleven strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHNV<\/jats:styled-content>), representing the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> M<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> genogroups, in experimental challenges of juvenile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon in freshwater. All strains caused mortality and there was wide variation within genogroups: cumulative mortality for five <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010group strains ranged from 20 to 100%, four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010group strains ranged 30\u201063% and two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010group strains varied from 41 to 81%. Thus, unlike <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>acific salmonids, there was no apparent correlation of virulence in a particular host species with virus genogroup. The mortality patterns indicated two different phenotypes in terms of kinetics of disease progression and final per cent mortality, with nine strains having moderate virulence and two strains (from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content> genogroups) having high virulence. These phenotypes were investigated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe the variation in the course of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHNV<\/jats:styled-content> disease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon. The results from this study demonstrate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHNV<\/jats:styled-content> may become a major threat to farmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic salmon in other regions of the world where the virus has been, or may be, introduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T03:45:06Z","timestamp":1415418306000},"page":"55-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Atlantic salmon, <i><scp>S<\/scp>almo salar <\/i><scp>L<\/scp>. are broadly susceptible to isolates representing the <scp>N<\/scp>orth <scp>A<\/scp>merican genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Kurath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center Seattle WA 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