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However, little information on pharmacokinetics of SA restricts further application in aquaculture. In this study, pharmacokinetics of SA in common carp (<jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>) following a single intraperitoneal administration [10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> BW (body weight)] was evaluated by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak concentration (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) of SA in kidney was 11.8\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, which was higher than in other tissues and plasma. The terminal half\u2010life in fish tissue and plasma was as follows: 42.3\u00a0h (kidney)\u00a0&gt;\u00a037.2\u00a0h (liver)\u00a0&gt;\u00a020.1\u00a0h (gill)\u00a0&gt;\u00a018.8\u00a0h (muscle)\u00a0&gt;\u00a010.9\u00a0h (spleen)\u00a0&gt;\u00a010.0\u00a0h (plasma). Additionally, we determined the bacterial loads in tissues of common carp infected with <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> after i.p. administration of SA at 0, 5, 10 and 20\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> BW. The results showed that i.p. administration of SA at 10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> BW significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy against <jats:italic>A.\u00a0hydrophila<\/jats:italic>, where the antibacterial ratio in the gill, kidney, spleen and liver on day 5 was 95.13%, 93.33%, 90.09% and\u00a092.82%, respectively. Overall, these results suggested the potential of SA to treat <jats:italic>A.\u00a0hydrophila<\/jats:italic> infection in common carp farming industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T03:28:44Z","timestamp":1452742124000},"page":"993-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antibacterial efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sanguinarine in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio<\/i>) following a single intraperitoneal administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z\u2010Q","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Station of Fishery Management Yiwu City Water Conservancy Bureau of Zhejiang Province Yiwu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u2010X","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&amp;F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-006-9048-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish","author":"Austin B.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"529","volume-title":"The Laboratory Fish (A volume in Handbook of Experimental Animals)","author":"Black M.C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-011-0087-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Aeromonas hydrophila and Motile Aeromonad Septicemias of Fish","author":"Cipriano R.C.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.10013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture","author":"FAO","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(92)90055-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Antimicrobial action of sanguinarine","volume":"1","author":"Godowski K.C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2014.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(1996)008<0292:POFAIM>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2008.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2012.03123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2006.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854109X424353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes","author":"Plumb J.A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00621-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250701230542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YanongR.P.E.(2003)Use of antibiotics in ornamental fish aquaculture document Circilar 84. 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